Electromagnetic energy input and dissipation

Kaeppler, S. R.; Knipp, D. J.; Verkhoglyadova, O. P.; Kilcommons, L. M.; Zhan, Weijia

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821366-7.00006-8

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…The Joule heating can be broken down into the passive Joule heating and the mechanical energy transfer contributed by the neutral wind (Kaeppler et al., 2022). Given the observationally‐derived passive Joule heating, we calculate the simulated passive Joule heating to compare with the observation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To examine the impact of the mesoscale electric field variability on the Joule heating at various altitudes, we display the simulated Joule heating as a function of time and altitude in Figure 3. The simulated Joule heating is equivalent to the total Joule heating consisted of the passive Joule heating and the mechanical energy transfer below 400 km altitude (Kaeppler et al., 2022). Moreover, the displayed Joule heating values are averages within 152°–142°W and 65.5°–69.5°N.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high‐latitude electric field is a crucial driver of the ionospheric and thermospheric system and provides a primary energy source for the thermosphere in the form of Joule heating (Kaeppler et al., 2022; G. Lu et al., 2016). The high‐latitude electric field changes spatially and temporally on a variety of scales (Codrescu et al., 2000; Cousins & Shepherd, 2012; Crowley & Hackert, 2001; Matsuo et al., 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Deposition by Mesoscale High‐Latitude Electric Fields Into the Thermosphere During the 26 October 2019 Geomagnetic Storm

et al. 2022

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The high-latitude electric field is a crucial driver of the ionospheric and thermospheric system and provides a primary energy source for the thermosphere in the form of Joule heating (Kaeppler et al., 2022;G. Lu et al., 2016). The high-latitude electric field changes spatially and temporally on a variety of scales (Codrescu et al., 2000;Cousins & Shepherd, 2012;Crowley & Hackert, 2001;Matsuo et al., 2003). Such variability of the electric field, especially the small-scale and mesoscale variability that has long been absent in empirical models of the high-latitude electric field, can significantly impact the thermospheric Joule heating, neutral density, and neutral temperature (

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Deposition by Mesoscale High‐Latitude Electric Fields Into the Thermosphere During the 26 October 2019 Geomagnetic Storm

et al. 2022

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“…Estimates of Alfvénic (wave) and quasi-steady PF have been produced from LEO and beyond starting in the late 1960s. Recently Kaeppler et al (2022) reviewed the PF literature and provided summaries of mission results from dozens of studies. Their Table 1 shows reported typical quasi-steady PF values of 1-10 mW/m 2 near the dayside cusp and auroral zones of both hemispheres (mapped to approximately 100 km).…”

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DMSP Poynting Flux: Data Processing and Inter‐Spacecraft Comparisons

et al. 2022

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Poynting flux (PF) calculated from low Earth orbit spacecraft in situ ion drift and magnetic field measurements is an important measure of energy exchange between the magnetosphere and ionosphere. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft provide an extensive back‐catalog of ion drift and magnetic perturbation measurements, from which quasi‐steady PF could be calculated. However, since DMSP are operations‐focused spacecraft, data must be carefully preprocessed for research use. We describe an automated approach for calculating earthward PF focusing on pre‐processing and quality control. We produce a PF data set using nine satellite‐years of DMSP F15, F16, and F18 observations. To validate our process we inter‐compare PF from different spacecraft using more than 2,000 magnetic conjunction events. We find no serious systematic differences. We further describe and apply an equal‐area binning technique to obtain average spatial patterns of PF, magnetic perturbation, electric field and ion drift velocity. We perform our analysis using all components of electric and magnetic field and comment on the adverse consequences of the typical single‐electric‐field‐component DMSP PF approximation on inter‐spacecraft agreement. Including full‐field components significantly increases the relative strength of near‐cusp PF and increases the integrated high‐latitude PF by ∼25%.

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Poynting Flux Input to the Auroral Ionosphere: The Impact of Subauroral Polarization Streams and Dawnside Auroral Polarization Streams

Liu,

Lyons,

Knipp

et al. 2024

JGR Space Physics

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The Poynting vector (Poynting flux) from Earth's magnetosphere downward toward its ionosphere carries the energy that powers the Joule heating in the ionosphere and thermosphere. The Joule heating controls fundamental ionospheric properties affecting the entire magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere system, so it is necessary to understand when and where the Poynting flux is significant. Taking advantage of new data sets generated from DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) observations, we investigate the Poynting flux distribution within and around the auroral zone, where most magnetosphere‐ionosphere (M‐I) dynamics and thus Joule heating occurs. We find that the Poynting flux, which is generally larger under more active conditions, is concentrated in the sunlit cusp and near the interface between Region 1 and 2 currents. The former concentration suggests voltage generators drive the cusp dynamics. The latter concentration shows asymmetries with respect to the interface between the Region 1 and 2 currents. We show that these reflect the controlling impact of subauroral polarization streams and dawnside auroral polarization streams on the Poynting flux.

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Electromagnetic energy input and dissipation

Cited by 4 publications

References 175 publications

Energy Deposition by Mesoscale High‐Latitude Electric Fields Into the Thermosphere During the 26 October 2019 Geomagnetic Storm

Energy Deposition by Mesoscale High‐Latitude Electric Fields Into the Thermosphere During the 26 October 2019 Geomagnetic Storm

DMSP Poynting Flux: Data Processing and Inter‐Spacecraft Comparisons

Poynting Flux Input to the Auroral Ionosphere: The Impact of Subauroral Polarization Streams and Dawnside Auroral Polarization Streams

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