Electromagnetic deformable mirror development at TNO

Kuiper, Stefan; Doelman, Niek; Nieuwkoop, E.; Overtoom, Ton; Russchenberg, Tjeerd; Riel, Martijn van; Wildschut, Justin; Baeten, Max; Human, Jet; Spruit, Helma; Brinkers, Sanneke; Maniscalco, Matthew

doi:10.1117/12.2230891

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For example, passive damping can be provided by fluid trapped between moving parts of voice-coil actuators [39,42]. The active damping can be achieved by using a local feedback update from a local position sensor [43,44].…”

Section: Damping and Actuator Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We assume that the damping is provided by internal viscous damping (passive) [39,42]. Also, the approach can easily be modified to take into account the active damping established by feedback from local position sensors [43,48]. The actuator model is γ m z a + γ d z a + γ s z a = F a , where γ m , γ d , and γ s , are the actuator mass, damping, and spring constant, z a is the displacement of the actuator, and F a is the electromagnetic force developed by the voice coil.…”

Section: Damping and Actuator Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since an estimate of the faceplate stiffness is 5 · 10 5 [N/m] [52], Actuator 1 (Actuator 2) is a force (displacement) actuator. Depending on the actuator structure and purpose, as well as on the desired control bandwidth, a variety of actuators with different dynamical parameters have been described in the literature [10,15,43,49]. The actuator dynamical parameters used in this manuscript are selected such that they are within the range of values reported in the literature for voice-coil actuators.…”

Section: Damping and Actuator Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling and state-space identification of deformable mirrors

Haber

Verhaegen

2020

Opt. Express

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To develop high-performance controllers for adaptive optics (AO) systems, it is essential to first derive sufficiently accurate state-space models of deformable mirrors (DMs). However, it is often challenging to develop realistic large-scale finite element (FE) state-space models that take into account the system damping, actuator dynamics, boundary conditions, and multi-physics phenomena affecting the system dynamics. Furthermore, it is challenging to establish a modeling framework capable of the automated and quick derivation of state-space models for different actuator configurations and system geometries. On the other hand, for accurate model-based control and system monitoring, it is often necessary to estimate state-space models from the experimental data. However, this is a challenging problem since the DM dynamics is inherently infinite-dimensional and it is characterized by a large number of eigenmodes and eigenfrequencies. In this paper, we provide modeling and estimation frameworks that address these challenges. We develop an FE state-space model of a faceplate DM that incorporates damping and actuator dynamics. We investigate the frequency and time domain responses for different model parameters. The state-space modeling process is completely automated using the LiveLink for MATLAB toolbox that is incorporated into the COMSOL Multiphysics software package. The developed state-space model is used to generate the estimation data. This data, together with a subspace identification algorithm, is used to estimate reduced-order DM models. We address the model-order selection and model validation problems. The results of this paper provide essential modeling and estimation tools to broad AO and mechatronics scientific communities. The developed Python, MATLAB, and COMSOL Multiphysics codes are available online.There are various types of DM architectures and design concepts used in AO systems. Depending on how the reflective surface is designed, we can distinguish between segmented, faceplate, and membrane DMs [1,7,8]. Due to their widespread usage, in this manuscript, we consider DMs with continuous faceplates. The results can easily be extended to other mirror concepts. A typical continuous faceplate DMs is composed of a thin faceplate that is deformed by spatially distributed actuators placed on its backside.Modeling and control problems for large-scale DMs have been considered in [5,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Distributed control and estimation problems or problems of efficient implementation of control and estimation algorithms for large-scale DMs and AO systems have been considered in [4,[18][19][20][21][22][23]. Before these methods can be used, it is necessary to develop sufficiently accurate DM models. Furthermore, it is preferable that these models are in a state-space form that can be used for the design of advanced model-based control algorithms. Analytical mirror models that are based on the biharmonic plate equation and its modifications have been developed in [7,10,11,24,25]. Howev...

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Section: Damping and Actuator Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Damping and Actuator Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Damping and Actuator Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling and state-space identification of deformable mirrors

Haber

Verhaegen

2020

Opt. Express

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“…Given a more efficient actuation method, a higher number of actuators may be implemented, allowing for a better residual wavefront error. Another DM developed by TNO for space applications using 427 electromagnetic actuators has shown promise to achieve large stroke, low non-linearity and hysteresis, and low power consumption [219]. Another style of deformable mirror (developed by the Muenster University of Applied Sciences) features a unimorph mirror surface, which is actuated using a piezo disc sandwiched between two metallic electrodes [220].…”

Section: Active Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optics technology for large-aperture space telescopes: from fabrication to final acceptance tests

et al. 2018

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This review paper addresses topics of fabrication, testing, alignment, and as-built performance of reflective space optics for the next generation of telescopes across the x-ray to far-infrared spectrum. The technology presented in the manuscript represents the most promising methods to enable a next level of astronomical observation capabilities for space-based telescopes as motivated by the science community. While the technology to produce the proposed telescopes does not exist in its final form, the optics industry is making steady and impressive progress toward these goals across all disciplines. We hope that through sharing these developments in context of the science objectives, further connections and improvements are enabled to push the envelope of the technology.

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“…These prototypes have demonstrated the feasibility and potential of this electromagnetic actuated DM design. TNO is currently developing a new version of the DM actuators, which are based on the variable reluctance principle [6]. Fig.…”

Section: Dm Technology For Space Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%