submarine volcano (hereafter referred to as the Tonga volcano), which is centered at 20.546°S, 175.390°W, explosively erupted. Immense ripples on the sea surface and in the atmosphere rapidly spread outward. The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) was estimated to be 6, indicating that this eruption was one of the largest volcanic eruptions recorded in the modern era (Poli & Shapiro, 2022). The volcanic eruption released a large amount of material and energy into the atmosphere, with the highest overshooting tops of the volcanic plume reaching the lower mesosphere at an altitude of ∼55 km according to satellite imagery (Carr et al., 2022). The waves triggered by the Tonga volcanic eruption on the surface and in the ionosphere were observed worldwide by various ground-and space-based instrumentation (