Electrolytic synthesis of carbon nanotubes from carbon dioxide in molten salts and their characterization

Новоселова, И. А.; Oliinyk, N.F.; Волков, С. В.; Konchits, А. A.; Yanchuk, I. B.; Yefanov, V.S.; Kolesnik, S. P.; Karpets, M. V.

doi:10.1016/j.physe.2007.10.069

Cited by 70 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This relation is the same when metallic Li is used as reductant as shown in Eqs. (10,(15)(16)(17). Especially in case that the molten CaCl 2 -CaO is used, CO gas tends to be produced by Boudouard reaction as shown in Eq.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CO2 gas decomposition to carbon by electro-reduction in molten salts

Otake

Kinoshita

Kikuchi

et al. 2013

Electrochimica Acta

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This experimental paper will report the validity of these reactions except for Eq.(7). Another mechanism is carbonate formation in molten salt [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. CO 2 gas dissolves as the carbonate ions (Eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2 gas decomposition to carbon by electro-reduction in molten salts

Otake

Kinoshita

Kikuchi

et al. 2013

Electrochimica Acta

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“…Moreover the CO 2 or CO 3 2− reduction reactions cause parasitic currents through the electrolyte and thus lower current ef ciency of the overall process. Interestingly, the carbon deposits formed via cathodic decomposition of CO 3 2− ions are known to be of nanosized particles and tubes and may even nd applications in high technology products [52][53][54][55][56][57] . Due to these problems an inert, i.e., oxygen evolving, anode is needed with materials properties such as suf cient mechanical and thermal stability, high electronic conductivity, resistance to attack by the electrolyte and oxygen, as well as electrochemical stability.…”

Section: −mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of the Application of Electrochemistry to the Extraction of Titanium and Its Applications

Fray

Schwandt

2017

Mater. Trans.

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For over ve decades the main route for the extraction of titanium has been the Kroll process. It is regarded as being expensive, labour intensive, reliant on a high quality feedstock, and environmentally unfriendly, but it has thus far not been possible to replace it. As a result the usage of titanium is still restricted to a few high end applications. During the past twenty years several new molten salt based electrochemical approaches for the reduction of titanium oxide have been introduced to meet these challenges, and these may, eventually, lead to novel extraction processes for titanium and other reactive metals. This paper summarises the many interesting concepts that underlie these electrochemical methods, of which some have already advanced to the stage of substantial pilot plants whilst others are still being developed at the laboratory level. The paper also reviews the development of new materials for use as the anode in these processes. Finally, it touches upon the development of processes for the regeneration of oxidised titanium and for the welding of titanium under cathodic protection in cases where protective gas shielding is not possible.

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“…Li-Na mixed carbonates are considered to be an efficient, economic, stable electrolyte for CO 2 capture and electrochemical conversion as it can simultaneously decrease required energy to reach molten state than pure Li 2 CO 3 electrolyte and doesn't contain K 2 CO 3 that is speculated to be the most corrosive to nickel anode among Li-Na-K carbonates. [34][35][36] Additionally, electrolysis in Li-Na eutectic carbonates of 50 : 50 wt% at 600 C provides a cost effective pathway to achieve the transition from CO 2 into carbon sphere subsequent to electrolysis for 1 h at 100 mA cm À2 with a coulomb efficiency of $85.4%. Recently it has been introduced that 21 electrolysis in Li-Na carbonates electrolyte mixed by 50 : 50 wt% at 750 C, 200 mA cm À2 , generates a carbon product comprising over 85% carbon nanotube ( Fig.…”

Section: -30mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of molten carbonate composition on the generation of carbon material

et al. 2017

RSC Adv.

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Carbon dioxide, CO 2 , is thought to be a main culprit leading to global climate change and a wide variety of strategies have been proposed to reduce atmospheric CO 2 levels. Here, CO 2 is captured and subsequently electrochemically split into carbon materials in an electrolyzer comprising a eutectic mixture of carbonates, an Fe cathode and a Ni anode, at 600 C and current densities of 50, 100, 200 mA cm À2 . SEM, EDS, XRD and BET are employed to analyze the morphology, elemental composition, crystal structure as well as the BET surface area of the synthetic cathodic products. In addition, coulomb efficiency under different electrolytic conditions is measured via the comparison between moles of formed carbon product and the Faradays of charge passed during the electrolysis reaction. This paper investigated the effect of molten carbonate compositions on carbon product generation, and confirmed the visible dependence of produced carbon on the electrolytes.

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Electrolytic synthesis of carbon nanotubes from carbon dioxide in molten salts and their characterization

Cited by 70 publications

References 7 publications

CO2 gas decomposition to carbon by electro-reduction in molten salts

CO2 gas decomposition to carbon by electro-reduction in molten salts

Aspects of the Application of Electrochemistry to the Extraction of Titanium and Its Applications

Effect of molten carbonate composition on the generation of carbon material

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