Electrolytic hydrogen-generating bottle supplies drinking water with free/combined chlorine and ozone repressed within safety standard under hydrogen-rich conditions

Abstract

Hydrogen molecules have attracted attention as a new antioxidant, but are left to be confirmedly verified whether the oral administration is highly safe or not, concurrently with retention of abundant hydrogen. When electrolysis was performed for 10 minutes using a direct-current electrolytic hydrogen-water generating bottle with tap water, “residual free chlorine” concurrently upon the production of molecular hydrogen (444 μg/L) could be appreciably decreased from 0.18 mg/L to 0.12 mg/L as quantified by a N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine-dye colorimetric method. Moreover, the total chlorine concentration (residual bound chlorine plus free chlorine) was estimated to be decreased from 0.17 mg/L to 0.11 mg/L. Although a merit of electrolytic hydrogen-generating bottles exists in electrolysis for periods as short as 10 minutes, the 30-minute electrolysis brought about the more abundant hydrogen (479 μg/L) together with an oxidation-reduction potential of –245 mV; even upon this long-term electrolysis, the gross amounts of chlorine, hypochlorous acid and chloramine were shown not to be increased (0.09–0.10 mg/L from 0.11 mg/L for tap water) as detected by orthotolidine colorimetry. Above-mentioned levels of diverse-type chlorines might fulfill the World Health Organization guideline for drinking water below 5 mg/L. In addition, the dissolved ozone upon electrolytic generation of hydrogen-water was below the detection limit (< 0.05 mg/L) or undetectable, which fulfilled the official safety standards in Japan and the USA for drinking water below 0.1 mg/L, as evaluated by three methods such as an electrode-type ozone checker, indigo dyeutilizing ozone detector capillaries and potassium iodide-based colorimetry. Importantly, even when half the amount of tap water was poured into the tank of the apparatus and electrolyzed, both the residual chlorine and ozone concentrations measured were also below the safety standard. Thus, major potently harmful substances, such as residual free/bound chlorine, or hypochlorous-acid/chloramine, respectively, and dissolved ozone, as the drinking hydrogen-water was direct-current-electrolytically generated, were estimated to be repressed within safety concentration ranges with achievements of abundant hydrogen generation.

The effect of hydrogen-rich water consumption on premenstrual symptoms and quality of life: a randomized controlled trial

“…Additionally, they were provided with drinking water (Sırma, Turkey) (0.5 L per PET bottle with 2.0 L per day) to prepare HRW. After filling the portable hydrogen water generator with drinking water, it was run for 5 minutes to achieve the saturation level of hydrogen [ 19 , 20 ]. In a preliminary application conducted by researchers, it was observed that the H 2 concentration of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) gradually decreased after preparation.…”

Optimization of hydrogen production in Enterobacter aerogenes by Complex I peripheral fragments destruction and maeA overexpression

“…However, despite the enormous development potential of hydrogen energy, the production and utilization of hydrogen still faces many challenges. At present, hydrogen is mainly produced via the electrolysis of water and the high-temperature cracking of fossil fuels [ 4 ], both of which are not only energy-intensive and have low conversion rates, but also pollute the environment. In terms of economy and environmental protection, they are not suitable for long-term industrial hydrogen production [ 5 ].…”