Electrolytic Cells for Production of Fluorine

Downing, Robert; Benning, A.; Downing, F.; McHarness, R.; Richards, M.; Tomkowit, T.

doi:10.1021/ie50447a603

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…463 It was also among the products obtained by the same authors in the pyrolysis of HCFC-22B1. 464 32 is also accessible by disproportionation of 31 over MgF 2 /β-AlF 3 with 37.9% selectivity (200 °C for 30 s) as performed by Rao and Manogue (Du Pont). 176 32 is produced as a minor (20%) product in the reduction of 12 by CH 3 Cl over the Ba/Cs/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst developed by Mukhopadhyay et al 181…”

Section: Hydrofluorocarbons (Hfcs3rd Generation)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorocarbon Refrigerants and their Syntheses: Past to Present

2020

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This Review chronicles the progress made in the field of small fluorocarbon synthesis since their invention in the early 1930s by Thomas Midgley, Jr., and his coworkers, with special focus on their application as refrigerants, foam expansion agents, aerosol propellants, and precision solvents. Divided into four generations of C1–C4 halocarbons from CFCs through HCFCs, HFCs, and HFOs, the merits and challenges of each will be discussed in the context of market demands, as well as the evolution of industrial manufacturing methods. Vital transformations, such as exchange (Swarts) fluorination, hydrodehalogenation, dehydrohalogenation, and additions (Kharasch or Prins) will feature prominently and will be discussed in detail, as well as catalysts therefor. Of the myriad of fluorocarbons described herein, the models which have reached particular commercial significance (such as chlorodifluoromethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) are given special consideration as flag-bearers for the generation to which they belong. Regulatory constraints to which this industry is bound will be outlined in brief, as well as an introduction to safety designations and nomenclature put forth by the American Society for Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). This Review includes predominantly works which can only be found in the patent literature, but should be of equal interest to both academic and industrial practitioners of the art as it centers on fundamentals of organofluorine chemistry, which could equally be applied to the synthesis of larger molecules and building blocks for other applications.

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Section: Hydrofluorocarbons (Hfcs3rd Generation)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorocarbon Refrigerants and their Syntheses: Past to Present

2020

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“…The fluorine cells used in the program are of the medium temperature type previously described (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). The cells operate at 100°to 105°C.…”

Section: Becausementioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Medium Temperature Fluorine Cell

Dykstra¹,

Katz²,

Clifford³

et al. 1955

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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“…1,1-Diuoroethyl chloride (CH 3 CF 2 Cl; HCFC-142b; bp ¼ À9.5 C), a cheap and abundant industrial raw material used for vinylidene uoride (VDF), 13 is viewed as an ideal source to prepare diuoroethylated derivatives. 14 We envisioned that the direct introduction of CF 2 CH 3 onto aromatic rings could be Scheme 1 (A) Difluoroethyl-containing bioactive and drug molecules; (B) strategies for synthesis of (1,1-difluoroethyl)arenes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%