Electrolytes, SEI Formation, and Binders: A Review of Nonelectrode Factors for Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes

Abstract

Through intense effort in recent years, knowledge of Na-ion batteries has been advanced significantly, pertaining to electrodes. Often, such progress has been accompanied by using a convenient choice of electrolyte or binder. Nevertheless, it has been witnessed that "external" factors to electrodes, such as electrolytes, solid electrolyte interphase, and binders, affect the functions of electrodes profoundly. And generally, certain types of electrodes favor some electrolytes or binders. With a rapidly increasing number of publications in the area, trends in terms of electrolytes and binders are possibly exploitable. Unfortunately, the field has yet to see a review article that devotes itself to these nonelectrode aspects of Na-ion batteries. Here, the gap is filled by conducting a comprehensive review of these nonelectrode external factors, especially by looking into their correlation with electrochemical properties, such as cycle life, and first cycle coulombic efficiency. Not only are the representative reports reviewed, but also quantitative analyses on the database that are constructed are provided. With such analyses, some new data-driven perspectives are postulated, which are of great value to the community.

Can Metallic Sodium Electrodes Affect the Electrochemistry of Sodium‐Ion Batteries? Reactivity Issues and Perspectives

“…[7,8,10] The slurries were doctor bladed onto an aluminium foil and dried for three days at ambient conditions. Nanometer-sized lithium titanate (LTO, type:l ithium titanate, spinel, nanopowder) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.…”

“…[3] Ap romising alternative technology is the sodium-ion battery (NIB), which provides the advantages of highly abundant sodium,l ow cost, and as imilar intercalation chemistry to that of lithium. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Therefore, aw ide range of experiments have been transferred from LIB systems to NIB systems in the state-of-the-art literature. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Therefore, aw ide range of experiments have been transferred from LIB systems to NIB systems in the state-of-the-art literature.…”

Deactivating Defects in Graphenes with Al2O3 Nanoclusters to Produce Long‐Life and High‐Rate Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…The corresponding components of the fitted peaks can be found in Table S4 in the Supporting Information. It has been reported that defects have a high electrochemical activity and will catalyze the irreversible reaction of electrolytes and the formation of an SEI, [64][65][66] especially the conductive salt in the electrolytes which forms the inorganic components in the SEI. No obvious differences in peak intensity of abovementioned species suggests that the Al 2 O 3 deactivating has little influence on the formation of the organic components in the SEI.…”

“…[64,66] The low ICE and inferior cyclic stability caused by the severe electrolyte decomposition induced by defects are the two obstacles preventing the use of graphene in SIB. The above results clearly prove that the highly electrochemical active defects of rGO have been effectively prevented from catalyzing undesirable irreversible electrolyte decomposition and reactions.…”

A Water‐Soluble NaCMC/NaPAA Binder for Exceptional Improvement of Sodium‐Ion Batteries with an SnO2‐Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Anode

“…For example, although there has been decent progress on cathode materials, including layered oxides, polyanionic compounds, Prussian blue analogues, and organic compounds, [4][5][6][7][8] finding ag ood anode is relativelyc hallenging because the commonlyu sed LIB graphite anode has poor Na + storage capability. [11][12][13][14][15] These seemingly minor parts significantly affect the performance of NIBs. [11][12][13][14][15] These seemingly minor parts significantly affect the performance of NIBs.…”