Electrolyte for lithium protection: From liquid to solid

Wu, Xiaoqing; Pan, Kecheng; Jia, Mengmin; Ren, Yufei; He, Hongyan; Zhang, Lan

doi:10.1016/j.gee.2019.05.003

Cited by 118 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Solid electrolyte, including ceramic electrolytes (CEs) and solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), [ 4 ] were considered to be the most effective method to resolve the dendrite issue. [ 5 ] Typical CEs, such as Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO) and Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 (LGPS) show high shear modulus and lithium‐ion transference number (

t_{{Li}^{+}}

) close to unity, while recent studies proved that dendrite may grow along the grain boundary even under small current density as the difference in local electric field, [ 6,7 ] especially for those CEs with higher electric conductivity. Moreover, when the CEs suffer from poor electrode wettability the interface resistance is increased and the energy transform efficiency decreased.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Flexible Ceramic/Polymer Hybrid Solid Electrolyte for Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries

et al. 2020

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increased and the energy transform efficiency decreased. For the SPEs in which the Li + are transport by moieties on the polymer chain, their ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability is restricted by the polymer structure, typically, polyethylene oxide (PEO) based SPEs only working in high temperature above 60 °C and at low voltage of below 4.0 V.Ceramic/polymer hybrid solid electrolyte (HSE) is a promising material by combining the advantages of both types of electrolytes, typical HSEs are composed of polymers to enhance the electrode/ electrolyte interfacial compatibility and inorganic fillers to adjust the ionic transportability. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The fillers could be metal oxides, such as Al 2 O 3 , [10] SiO 2 , [11,12] TiO 2 , [13] and Fe 2 O 3 [14] or fast Li + conductors, such as Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3 (LATP), [15] LLZO, [16,17] and LGPS, [18] the materials can not only reduce the polymer matrix crystallinity, but also provide extra diffusion routes for Li + , thus enhance the overall performance of the electrolyte. Mechanical mixing is the most common method to obtain the HSE, and it is convenient and cost-effective. However, the composite electrolyte obtained by this method often shows poor uniformity and the fillers are fail to form interconnected Li + conduct channels, on which ionic conductivity of the composites cannot be enhanced effectively. [11] The other issue bring about by mechanical mixing is the organic/inorganic electrolyte interfacial compatibility, as ions inclined to flow along the low resistance pathways, [6,19] local difference in conductivity may lead to strong space charge layer at the interphase and cause polymer oxidation. Many methods were attempted to optimize this interphase compatibility such as reducing particle size of ceramic, [20,21] making the ceramic fillers orderly, and higher dimension. [22,23] But such problem still exists and the interfacial compatibility cannot be neglected. Making chemical bond is a new strategy to resolve the issue of interface. [24][25][26] Nan's group utilized the catalysis of La in dehydrofluorination and prepared poly(vinylidenefluoride) (PVDF)-Li 6.75 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.25 O 12 (LLZTO) HSE whose ionic conductivity is as high as 5 × 10 −4 S cm −1 at 25 °C. [26] But this strategy can only be applied to those polymers consisting of H and F in neighbor carbon atoms such as PVDF or poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) [24] which cannot contribute to ionic transport. Archer's group proposed a more universal method by preparing a kind of soft colloidal glasses HSE that PEO chains were covalently grafted onto silica nanoparticles. The HSE works stable in high-voltage nickel cobalt manganese Ceramic/polymer hybrid solid electrolytes (HSEs) have attracted worldwide attentions because they can overcome defects by combining the advantages of ceramic electrolytes (CEs) and solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). However, the interface compatibility of CEs and SPEs in HSE limits their full function to...

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t_{{Li}^{+}}

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Flexible Ceramic/Polymer Hybrid Solid Electrolyte for Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries

et al. 2020

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“…Among the anode candidates of Na (K)‐based batteries, Na (K) metals are highly attractive due to their nature‐abundant resources, [ 1–3 ] high theoretical capacities (1165 mAh g –1 for Na and 687 mAh g –1 for K), and low redox potentials close to lithium (–2.71 V vs standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) for Na + /Na and –2.93 V vs SHE for K + /K). [ 4–6 ] In addition, the Na (K) metal anodes can eliminate the utilization of auxiliary current collectors, leading to improved energy density of full batteries.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Red Phosphorous‐Derived Protective Layers with High Ionic Conductivity and Mechanical Strength on Dendrite‐Free Sodium and Potassium Metal Anodes

Shi

Zhang

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

123

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Sodium metal anodes are ideal candidates for advanced high energy density Na metal batteries. Nevertheless, the unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), the uncontrollable dendrite growth, and low Coulombic efficiency during cycling have prevented their applications. Herein, a high‐performance Na anode is achieved by introduction of an ex situ artificial Na3P layer on the surface via a simple red phosphorus pretreatment method. The artificial SEI layer possesses high ionic conductivity and high Young's modulus, which regulates uniform deposition of ions and prevents the dendrite growth. Benefiting from these merits, the Na||Na cells with the protected layers demonstrate excellent electrochemical performance (780 h at 1.0 mA cm–2, 1.0 mAh cm–2). When assembled into a full battery with a Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, the Na metal battery exhibits a long lifespan of 400 cycles at 15 C and a high rate capacity of ≈53.2 mAh g–1 at 30 C. In addition the red P pretreatment method can be applied to potassium metal anodes. Outstanding performance is also achieved in K||K cells with the formation of a KxPy protecting layer (550 h at 0.5 mA cm–2, 0.5 mAh cm–2). The artificial P‐derived protection approach can also be extended to solid‐state alkali metal batteries with high power density and energy density.

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“…However, the most widely used organic solvent electrolyte in industry cannot meet all the above comprehensive performance currently. Therefore, optimization and design of electrolyte composition and formula has become one of the best ways to promote the rapid development of lithium ion batteries (Xu, 2014;Kim et al, 2015;Wu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Concentration of Lithium Salt on the Structural and Transport Properties of Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes

Tong

Solms

et al. 2020

Front. Chem.

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Ionic liquids (ILs) are used as electrolytes in high-performance lithium-ion batteries, which can effectively improve battery safety and energy storage capacity. All atom molecular dynamics simulation and experiment were combined to investigate the effect of the concentration of lithium salt on the performance of electrolytes of four IL solvents ([C n mim][TFSI] and [C n mim][FSI], n = 2, 4). The IL electrolytes exhibit higher density and viscosity; meanwhile, larger lithium ion transfer numbers as the concentration of LiTFSI increases. Furthermore, in order to explore the effect of the concentration of lithium salt on the ionic associations of Li + and anion of IL, the microstructures of the lithium salt in various IL electrolytes at different concentrations were investigated. The structural analysis indicated that strong bidentate and monodentate coordination was found between Li + and anion of all IL electrolytes. Both cis and trans isomerism of [FSI] − were observed in [FSI] −-type IL electrolyte systems. Furthermore, the existence of the ion cluster [Li[anion] x ] (x−1)− in IL electrolytes and the cluster became more closed and compact as the concentration of LiTFSI increases.

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Electrolyte for lithium protection: From liquid to solid

Cited by 118 publications

References 141 publications

A Flexible Ceramic/Polymer Hybrid Solid Electrolyte for Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries

A Flexible Ceramic/Polymer Hybrid Solid Electrolyte for Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries

Red Phosphorous‐Derived Protective Layers with High Ionic Conductivity and Mechanical Strength on Dendrite‐Free Sodium and Potassium Metal Anodes

The Effect of Concentration of Lithium Salt on the Structural and Transport Properties of Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes

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