Electrolyte Disorders in the PICU

Hauser, Gabriel J.; Kulick, Aaron F.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-6416-6_13

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…2 These electrolyte disturbances may aid in diagnosis of the illness and can also act as markers of disease severity and potential of recovery from disease. 3,4 Sodium is the predominant cation in the extracellular fluid, ranging from 135-145 mEq/l. It is the major determinant of serum osmolality and hence, is responsible for maintenance of intravascular volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the major determinant of serum osmolality and hence, is responsible for maintenance of intravascular volume. [4][5][6] The presence of either hypernatremia or hyponatraemia (dysnatraemias) in the intensive care unit have a prevalence approaching 30% and are an independent risk factor for poor prognosis on admission or during ICU stay. 3,7 Hyponatremia is serum sodium level less than 135 mEq/l.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence in the PICU, however, may be as high as 30%. 4 Euvolemic hyponatremia is the most common dysnatremia in critically ill patients. 7 Hypernatremia is serum sodium concentration more than 145 mEq/l.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of hypernatremia in the intensive care setting approaches 6%. 4,6 Excessive sodium is mostly iatrogenic. Infants presenting with severe hypernatremia mostly are a result of inappropriate dilution of infant formula feeds, inadequate breastfeeding or high sodium content in the insufficient amount of breast milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 The most common causes of hypokalemia in the PICU is the use of diuretics and alkalosis. 4 Hyperkalemia is serum potassium levels more than 5.5 mEq/l. 11 It occurs in about 3.3% of all hospitalized patients and can carry a high rate of mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of association of mortality with electrolyte abnormalities in children admitted in pediatric intensive care unit

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2018

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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Background: Electrolyte abnormalities are common in critically ill children. In view of importance of electrolyte homeostasis and its significant impact on the final outcome of patient, the present study was undertaken. Objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of electrolyte abnormalities in children admitted in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at the time of admission and its association with mortality and primary organ system involvement. Methods: The study enrolled all the patients from 29 days to 12 years admitted in PICU of a tertiary care hospital during April 2015 to September 2016 (total 18 months). The children were classified according to presence or absence of electrolyte abnormality. The children were further divided into subgroups based on electrolyte values and mortality and organ system involvement was analyzed in each of the sub groups. Results: The prevalence of electrolyte abnormality in terms of sodium or potassium abnormality in the present study was 44.31% (323 of 729). Hyponatremia (27.43%) was the most common electrolyte abnormality followed by hypokalemia (13.99%). The mortality in children with electrolyte abnormality was found to be 28.8% which was significantly higher than mortality in those without electrolyte abnormality. Maximum children with hyponatremia had central nervous system involvement (48.5%) and those with hypernatremia had gastrointestinal involvement (65.4%). Hypokalemia was most frequently observed with gastrointestinal involvement (54.9%) and hyperkalemia with renal involvement (34.8%). Conclusions: Present study has demonstrated significant association of electrolyte abnormalities at admission in PICU with mortality and primary organ system involvement. Close monitoring and correction of electrolyte abnormalities is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of association of mortality with electrolyte abnormalities in children admitted in pediatric intensive care unit

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2018

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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Electrolyte imbalance in critically ill paediatric patients

et al. 2019

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Objective: To determine the frequency and outcome of electrolyte imbalance in seriously ill children admitted in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a public sector hospital in Karachi. Methods: All children between the ages of one month to 12 years admitted in PICU from May 2017 to October 2017 were included. Blood samples were drawn to determine the baseline sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorous and followed 24 hourly or earlier, if needed (Those who had imbalance at admission or on subsequent repeat labs as per protocol). Results: A total of 101 children were included in the study. Electrolyte imbalance was seen in 84%. A single electrolyte imbalance was noted in 30.58%. Hypocalcemia was the most frequent abnormality noted in 57.6%. Among the total expiries during the study period 91% had electrolyte imbalance. Mortality within 48 hours and duration of stay was also increased in these patients. Conclusion: Electrolyte imbalance is an important prognostic indicator in critically ill patients. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.286 How to cite this:Naseem F, Saleem A, Mahar IA, Arif F. Electrolyte imbalance in critically ill paediatric patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.286 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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