Electroluminescent devices from ionic transition metal complexes

Slinker, Jason D.; Rivnay, Jonathan; Moskowitz, Joshua; Parker, Jeffrey B.; Bernhard, Stefan; Abruña, Héctor D.; Malliaras, George G.

doi:10.1039/b704017b

Cited by 344 publications

(356 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Their configuration mainly consists of an amorphous film of the active compound placed in between two electrodes. 1 In spite of the disadvantages of LECs compared to OLEDs, like long turn-on time, shorter lifetimes, and lower efficiencies, LECs offer the advantage of using a less-reactive cathode material (aluminium instead of calcium or magnesium) and hence do not require stringent protection from environmental oxygen and water.…”

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confidence: 99%

Efficient deep-red light-emitting electrochemical cells based on a perylenediimide-iridium-complex dyad

et al. 2009

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A two-layer light-emitting electrochemical cell device based on a new perylenediimide-iridium-complex dyad is presented emitting in the deep-red region with high external quantum efficiencies (3.27%).Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) based on ionic transition-metal complexes are among the simplest types of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Their configuration mainly consists of an amorphous film of the active compound placed in between two electrodes.1 In spite of the disadvantages of LECs compared to OLEDs, like long turn-on time, shorter lifetimes, and lower efficiencies, LECs offer the advantage of using a less-reactive cathode material (aluminium instead of calcium or magnesium) and hence do not require stringent protection from environmental oxygen and water.Currently, the most widely used compounds in singlecomponent LEC devices are based on homoleptic complexes of Ru(II) and biscyclometalated heteroleptic complexes of Ir(III) whose positive charge is balanced by large negative counterions such as hexafluorophosphate.1 Their use in LECs is mainly due to their high phosphorescence emission quantum yields, short excited triplet state lifetimes and photochemical stability.2,3 However, complexes which give rise to efficient devices are not available for the deep-red region. This can be fulfilled by perylenediimides (PDIs), which present an exceptional photochemical stability, are strong light absorbers in the visible and show high fluorescence quantum yields, [4][5][6] which makes them interesting candidates for OLEDs. However, PDIs are poor hole conductors, which makes them unsuitable for single-component type devices. LECs additionally rely on the presence of mobile ions, and hence the emitting species must be compatible on the nanoscale with charged species. Single-layer LECs using PDI as n-type emissive material and lithium triflate have been recently reported showing red emission at high applied bias (+8 V). 7A polyimide LEC incorporating perylene and tri(ethylene oxide) moieties has been also studied showing a much more intensified electroluminescence than the respective polyimide LED. 8Taking into account the previous considerations, we decided to look for a synergistic collaboration between an ionic iridium(III) complex (that functions as the hole conductor and high phosphorescence emitter) and a PDI red fluorescent emitter (that functions as the electron conductor), in an attempt to achieve a high efficiency in the system. Moreover, the covalent linking of the moieties should increase the thermal stability, while avoiding phase separation processes. With this idea in mind, we have synthesized a new dyad consisting of a PDI derivative linked with an ionic iridium complex. The new dyad 1, see Scheme 1, is used as the single active component in a double-layer LEC device, showing efficient deep-red electroluminescence.The synthesis of the [PDI-iridium]PF 6 dyad 1 is outlined in Scheme 1. Condensation of tetra-tert-octylphenoxy monoanhydride monoimide 2 with 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline 9 us...

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Efficient deep-red light-emitting electrochemical cells based on a perylenediimide-iridium-complex dyad

et al. 2009

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“…A bias of 4 V was chosen for this experiment since it corresponds to the turn-on voltage of the LEC, and both LEC and hybrid devices show good light emission and are not subject to fast degradation at this operation voltage. 21,63 ■ ASSOCIATED CONTENT…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantum Dot/Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell Hybrid Device and Mechanism of Its Operation

Frohleiks

Wepfer

Keleştemur

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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A new type of light-emitting hybrid device based on colloidal quantum dots (QDs) and an ionic transition metal complex (iTMC) light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) is introduced. The developed hybrid devices show light emission from both active layers, which are combined in a stacked geometry. Time-resolved photoluminescence experiments indicate that the emission is controlled by direct charge injection into both the iTMC and the QD layer. The turn-on time (time to reach 1 cd/m 2 ) at constant voltage operation is significantly reduced from 8 min in the case of the reference LEC down to subsecond in the case of the hybrid device. Furthermore, luminance and efficiency of the hybrid device are enhanced compared to reference LEC directly after device turn-on by a factor of 400 and 650, respectively. We attribute these improvements to an increased electron injection efficiency into the iTMC directly after device turn-on.

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“…Aside from OLEDs, an alternative class of organic lighting device that is gaining attention is the light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEEC) [5][6][7][8]. In contrast to OLEDs, where the emitter is typically a charge-neutral chromophore, LEECs based on phosphorescent emitters utilize intrinsically charged ionic transition metal complexes (iTMCs) as the emitters in the device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminescent Iridium Complexes Used in Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells (LEECs)

Henwood

Zysman‐Colman

2016

Topics in Current Chemistry Collections

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Electroluminescent devices from ionic transition metal complexes

Cited by 344 publications

References 76 publications

Efficient deep-red light-emitting electrochemical cells based on a perylenediimide-iridium-complex dyad

Efficient deep-red light-emitting electrochemical cells based on a perylenediimide-iridium-complex dyad

Quantum Dot/Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell Hybrid Device and Mechanism of Its Operation

Luminescent Iridium Complexes Used in Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells (LEECs)

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