Electroless Silver Plating Reflectors to Boost the Performance of Vertical Light-Emitting Diodes

Wang, Qinjin; Ma, Jun; Zhan, Teng; Wang, Liancheng; Guo, Enqing; Liu, Zhiqiang; Yi, Xiaoyan; Wang, Junxi; Li, Jinmin

doi:10.1109/jphot.2016.2580938

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Metals coated on inorganic or organic substrates with high reflectivity [1][2][3][4][5] have attracted extensive attention in applications of solar reflectors, 6,7 reflectors in concentrating photovoltaic systems, 8 and reflective film reactors in imaging telescope systems. 9 These applications collect energy by concentrating beams of light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of highly reflective silver metallized PVC film by autocatalytic deposition

Sun

Chen

Yin

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Metallized polymer films, used in many optical applications because of their high reflectivity, are usually prepared under complex conditions. In this work, a two-step autocatalytic deposition method was adopted to prepare an Agdeposited polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film (Ag/PVC composite film) with high reflectivity. When Ag particles were used as a coating, the formed facecentered cubic crystal endowed a higher reflectivity than other crystals. Therefore, Pd metal was introduced as the catalytic center for Ag deposition to promote the formation of face-centered cubic crystals, thereby obtaining a highly reflective PVC film. Moreover, we improved the reflectivity of the Ag/PVC composite film by adjusting different process parameters, and the maximum reflectivity of the Ag/PVC composite film could reach as high as 93%. The twostep autocatalytic deposition we used was a simple, efficient, and low-energy method to prepare highly reflective films. The optimum process parameter was also significant for further research on highly reflective films.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of highly reflective silver metallized PVC film by autocatalytic deposition

Sun

Chen

Yin

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Therefore, a number of studies are reported on electroless deposition of silver. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] An electroless plating is basically an electrochemical process combining cathodic-and anodic-half reactions together. 27 Thus, electroless silver plating using ammonia as complexing agent and hydrazine as reducing agent occurs as per the following reactions:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics and Mechanism of Electroless Deposition of Silver From an Aqueous Bath

Mishra

Nathsharma

Mishra

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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This paper describes experimental investigations on electroless deposition of silver from an aqueous bath containing AgNO 3 and N 2 H 4 as the precursor for silver and the reductant, respectively. The kinetics and mechanism of the electrochemical oxidation and reduction processes are studied through the partial polarization plots using the concept of mixed potential theory. Behaviors of cathodic and anodic equilibrium potentials were determined with respect to [Ag + ] and [N 2 H 4 ], respectively. Thermodynamic expressions for the mixed potential E m and kinetic expressions for the mixed current i m were derived by considering specific segments in superimposed cathodic and anodic partial polarization curves and from it to understand the mechanism of the process. Due to antibacterial activity, 1-7 high hardness, low coefficient of friction, high reflectivity and high resistivity 8-10 of silver, silver plated polymers have gained increasing application in the field of medicine, 11,12 opto-electronic devices, 13-17 as well as for decoration purposes. Silver plating can be electrolytic or electroless in case of the later, as no electric current is required, there is an equal probability of plating on the area of substrate exposed to the bath leading to uniform plating. Therefore, a number of studies are reported on electroless deposition of silver. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] An electroless plating is basically an electrochemical process combining cathodic-and anodic-half reactions together. 27 Thus, electroless silver plating using ammonia as complexing agent and hydrazine as reducing agent occurs as per the following reactions:Overall reaction;Anodic oxidation reaction;Many researchers have studied the mechanism of electroless plating by using simultaneously occurring but interdependent cathodic metal deposition and anodic oxidation of reductant in an electroless process. [28][29][30][31] Though the usefulness of partial polarization curves [32][33][34] to derive the kinetic equation [35][36][37][38] are studied by many researchers still there remains many areas to be explored so as to give a better insight to mechanistic details. There are reports using mixed potential theory on kinetics and mechanism of copper electroless deposition, 39-41 dissolution processes, 36,42-44 electrochemical precipitation process, 45 other oxidation 27 and leaching process. 46,47 However, there is no such reported work in the field of electroless silver deposition. Depending on the concentration of reacting species and reaction parameters, the mixed potential may be positioned in the linear, Tafel or limiting current region of the curves, which gives an idea about the reaction mechanism i.e. whether the reaction is under anodic or cathodic control or under mixed control. 36 An attempt has been made in this paper to explain mechanistic details of electroless silver deposition reaction by using mixed potential theory of Wagner & Traud, [48][49][50][51][52] Nernst diffusion equation, 53 and Butler -Volmer equation. 33,34 Both o...

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High spectrum compression scheme based on DNN post equalization for multiband quadrature dual‐quaternary coded FTN CAP 49QAM signals in visible light communication system

Niu

Chi

2020

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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In this article, we utilize the Faster‐Than‐Nyquist (FTN) mechanism combined with the deep neural network (DNN) nonlinear post‐equalization scheme to achieve spectrum compression of the multiband carrierless amplitude phase (CAP) signal in the case of a fixed channel spacing for visible light communication (VLC) system. We found that the number of input layer nodes plays a decisive role in the DNN equalization effect. And a 1.26 Gbps FTN CAP 49QAM VLC system over 1 m free space transmission is successfully demonstrated. We reduced the normalized bandwidth of the CAP 16QAM signal for each sub‐band from 1.05 to 0.9 after quadrature dual‐quaternary (QDQ) coding combined with DNN post‐equalizer, and the total bandwidth of three bands is compressed from 315 MHz to 270 MHz. The spectrum compression ratio is 14.29% while ensuring BER below 7% FEC threshold (3.8e−3), and the spectral efficiency (SE) is 4.67 b/s/Hz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time achieving such high compression ratio in Gb/s level DNN based multiband FTN CAP signals in VLC system.

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Electroless Silver Plating Reflectors to Boost the Performance of Vertical Light-Emitting Diodes

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Preparation of highly reflective silver metallized PVC film by autocatalytic deposition

Preparation of highly reflective silver metallized PVC film by autocatalytic deposition

Kinetics and Mechanism of Electroless Deposition of Silver From an Aqueous Bath

High spectrum compression scheme based on DNN post equalization for multiband quadrature dual‐quaternary coded FTN CAP 49QAM signals in visible light communication system

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