Electrokinetics with “paper-and-pencil” devices

Mandal, Pratiti; Dey, Ranabir; Chakraborty, Suman

doi:10.1039/c2lc40681k

Cited by 68 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although carbon-based materials have been extensively explored for the aforementioned printed device applications17181920, interests in pencil-base approaches has just begun to emerge21222324. Pencil traces have been mainly used as passive conductive elements in many devices, such as electrode contacts for batteries22, UV sensors25, microfluidic devices26, resistors24 and transistors23. In one recent study, Ren et al demonstrated that pencil traces can be incorporated as the active components in piezoresistive sensors21.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pencil Drawn Strain Gauges and Chemiresistors on Paper

Lin

Zhao

Kim

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

141

128

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Pencil traces drawn on print papers are shown to function as strain gauges and chemiresistors. Regular graphite/clay pencils can leave traces composed of percolated networks of fine graphite powders, which exhibit reversible resistance changes upon compressive or tensile deflections. Flexible toy pencils can leave traces that are essentially thin films of graphite/polymer composites, which show reversible changes in resistance upon exposure to volatile organic compounds due to absorption/desorption induced swelling/recovery of the polymer binders. Pencil-on-paper devices are low-cost, extremely simple and rapid to fabricate. They are light, flexible, portable, disposable, and do not generate potentially negative environmental impact during processing and device fabrication. One can envision many other types of pencil drawn paper electronic devices that can take on a great variety of form factors. Hand drawn devices could be useful in resource-limited or emergency situations. They could also lead to new applications integrating art and electronics.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pencil Drawn Strain Gauges and Chemiresistors on Paper

Lin

Zhao

Kim

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

141

128

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“…For instance, Ballerini et al 12 have demonstrated modular thread sections for switching and mixing in threads whereas modification of a paper's properties, such as its wettability 13 or permeability, 14 have been employed to alter the behaviour of the flow through it. 15 Encouraged by the potential of these external fields for flow regulation in paper, we show in this work the prospect for rapid and tuneable generation of concentration gradients in thread networks and demonstrate the possibility for the entire thread network and its concentration gradient to be embedded within a hydrogel. 11,15 To maintain low cost and simplicity, which constitutes the primary advantages of these devices, creative adaptations to conventional electrode structures have been introduced, for example, using aluminium foil 16 or pencil lead.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Acoustically-driven thread-based tuneable gradient generators

et al. 2016

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Thread-based microfluidics offer a simple, easy to use, low-cost, disposable and biodegradable alternative to conventional microfluidic systems. While it has recently been shown that such thread networks facilitate manipulation of fluid samples including mixing, flow splitting and the formation of concentration gradients, the passive capillary transport of fluid through the thread does not allow for precise control due to the random orientation of cellulose fibres that make up the thread, nor does it permit dynamic manipulation of the flow. Here, we demonstrate the use of high frequency sound waves driven from a chip-scale device that drives rapid, precise and uniform convective transport through the thread network. In particular, we show that it is not only possible to generate a stable and continuous concentration gradient in a serial dilution and recombination network, but also one that can be dynamically tuned, which cannot be achieved solely with passive capillary transport. Additionally, we show a proof-of-concept in which such spatiotemporal gradient generation can be achieved with the entire thread network embedded in a three-dimensional hydrogel construct to more closely mimic the in vivo tissue microenvironment in microfluidic chemotaxis studies and cell culture systems, which is then employed to demonstrate the effect of such gradients on the proliferation of cells within the hydrogel.

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“…For instance, the penciling direction is horizontal in the first cycle, vertical in the second cycle, and horizontal again in the third cycle . Employing such approach, SCs, humidity sensors, microfluidic devices, and anemometers have been demonstrated, in which pencil traces mainly acted as passive conductive elements. As is widely known, the dominating fillers in commercial pencils are graphite and clay, and the conductivity of the drawing trace is determined by the graphite content.…”

Section: Approaches To Boost Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Electronics Based on Micro/Nanostructured Paper

et al. 2018

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Over the past several years, a new surge of interest in paper electronics has arisen due to the numerous merits of simple micro/nanostructured substrates. Herein, the latest advances and principal issues in the design and fabrication of paper-based flexible electronics are highlighted. Following an introduction of the fascinating properties of paper matrixes, the construction of paper substrates from diverse functional materials for flexible electronics and their underlying principles are described. Then, notable progress related to the development of versatile electronic devices is discussed. Finally, future opportunities and the remaining challenges are examined. It is envisioned that more design concepts, working principles, and advanced papermaking techniques will be developed in the near future for the advanced functionalization of paper, paving the way for the mass production and commercial applications of flexible paper-based electronic devices.

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Electrokinetics with “paper-and-pencil” devices

Cited by 68 publications

References 17 publications

Pencil Drawn Strain Gauges and Chemiresistors on Paper

Pencil Drawn Strain Gauges and Chemiresistors on Paper

Acoustically-driven thread-based tuneable gradient generators

Flexible Electronics Based on Micro/Nanostructured Paper

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