“…By using EK, Kim et al (2013) observed that the removed cations from saline soils (EC = 13.7 dS m −1 ) including Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , and Na + amounted to 19.5%, 34.4%, 58.9%, and 89.6%, respectively; removed anions including Cl − , NO 3 − , and SO 4 2− amounted to 47.9%, 91.5%, and 67.6%, respectively. Klouche et al (2020) achieved removal rates of 83% and 58% for sodium and calcium ions, respectively, after 15 days of EK treatment. Generally, the EK removal rate of Na + , NO 3 − , and Cl − removal was high compared to the EK removal of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and SO 4 2− (Abou‐Shady, 2016; Choi et al, 2012; Kim et al, 2012; Kim et al, 2013).…”