Electrokinetic remediation of fluorine-contaminated soil: Conditioning of anolyte

Kim, Do-Hyung; Jeon, Choong; Baek, Kitae; Ko, Seung Hwan; Yang, Jung‐Seok

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.084

Cited by 79 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…By contrast, electrokinetic (EK) remediation is a low-cost method that can be used on soil with poor permeability and can be applied in situ [15][16][17][18][19]. The EK process involves direct application of a low voltage gradient or electrical current to polluted soil through installed electrodes [20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrokinetic restoration of saline agricultural lands

2010

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Salinization of greenhouse soils has become a serious problem in Korea because of the extensive use of chemical fertilizers to improve crop yield. This study investigated the feasibility of electrokinetic (EK) treatment for reclamation of saline soil. Experiments were conducted using voltage gradients of 1, 2, and 3 V/cm applied for 48 and 96 h. Anions such as chloride, sulfate, and nitrate were transported toward the anode and accumulated there, whereas cations were transferred toward the cathode by electromigration. Among the various ions, the highest removal efficiency was achieved for nitrate: [80% at 48 h and [99% at 96 h. Chloride removal after 96 h was substantially higher than that after 48 h because the longer period of time allowed more electrical transport via electromigration and electro-osmosis. However, the removal efficiency for sulfate and calcium did not change significantly between 48 and 96 h. Soil EC was lower than the initial value in all soil sections at 96 h. The lowest value, 1.8 dS/m, was seen in the experiment employing a gradient of 3 V/cm for 48 h. This study demonstrated that nitrate can be readily removed from soil by electromigration. Further, other ions can also be removed by EK treatment; therefore, it could be successfully used for reclamation of saline soils.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrokinetic restoration of saline agricultural lands

2010

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“…Electrokinetic remediation is a promising technique for various low permeability matrixes, including silty/clayey soils, mine tailings, saline soils, industrial sites, harbor sediments, sewage sludge, and treated wood contaminated with heavy metals, mixed inorganic species, and organic pollutants [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In electrokinetic remediation systems, charged species migrate toward anodes and cathodes through electro-migration, electro-osmotic flow, electrophoresis, and diffusion [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed electrokinetic removal of Cd and Zn from fine-grained soil

et al. 2009

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Pulsed electrokinetics studies were carried out to optimize the removal of Zn and Cd from fine-grained soils and to observe the effects of varying the pulse frequency, pulse time ratio (on/off), and DC voltage gradient. Existing forms of heavy metals in the soil matrix were determined using a sequential extraction method. The strongly bound fraction (bound to organic matter and residuals) that is difficult to remove from the soil matrix comprised 74 and 62% of the total Zn and Cd, respectively. In the electrokinetic remediation experiments, MgSO 4 was employed to increase the ionic strength of the soil for 2 weeks. Transportation of heavy metals was influenced by the frequency, pulse ratio, and the voltage gradient of the pulsed electric field. Extraction efficiency of Zn and Cd near the anode was correlated positively with the voltage gradient at a given pulse and ratio. A high pulse frequency (1,800 cycles/h) enhanced the removal efficiency of the heavy metals compared to a low pulse frequency (1,200 cycles/h) at a supplied voltage gradient of 1 V/cm. Although pulsed electrokinetics was more effective in extracting and desorbing ions near the anode than conventional electrokinetics, its ability to transport heavy metals from the anode to the cathode was relatively small. Total removals with pulsed electrokinetics were 21-31% for Zn and 18-24% for Cd. In summary, pulsed electrokinetics can enhance removal efficiency of heavy metals and is beneficial with regard to electrical energy consumption.

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“…The accumulated EOF for experiments 5-8, when using 0.1 M NaOH, was about 436, 391, 349, and 409 mL, respectively. Normally, H compartment, which causes the pH to decrease rapidly [13][14][15][16]. In this system, hydrogen ions were compensated for by OH -ions provided by the anolyte purging solution, so that the soil surface became negatively charged [14].…”

Section: Accumulated Electroosmotic Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Normally, H compartment, which causes the pH to decrease rapidly [13][14][15][16]. In this system, hydrogen ions were compensated for by OH -ions provided by the anolyte purging solution, so that the soil surface became negatively charged [14]. The more negatively charged soil surface results in a more negative zeta potential and a greater electroosmotic flow towards the cathode [6,17].…”

Section: Accumulated Electroosmotic Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrokinetic Removal of Petroleum Hydrocarbon from Residual Clayey Soil Following a Washing Process

Jeon¹,

Yang²,

Kim

et al. 2010

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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This study investigates total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal from residual clayey soil, after a washing procedure, using an electrokinetic process. Eight electrokinetic experiments were carried out to investigate the characteristics of TPH removal. When 0.1 M MgSO 4 or 0.1 M NaOH was used as an electrolyte, the electric current rapidly increased within the first 100 or 200 h, respectively. A negatively charged soil surface resulted in a more negative zeta potential and greater electroosmotic flow toward the cathode. Therefore, the accumulated electroosmotic flow (EOF) when using 0.1 M NaOH as the anolyte-purging solution was higher than when using 0.1 M MgSO 4 . Although the energy consumption for the two purging solutions was similar, the efficiencies of TPH removal when 0.1 M MgSO 4 and 0.1 M NaOH with surfactant were used were 0 and 39, respectively, because the electroosmotic flow rate increased with TPH removal efficiency. When 5 isopropyl alcohol (IPA) was used as a circulation solution, the electric current increased but the TPH removal was similar to that using water. In terms of energy consumption, the use of a surfactant-enhanced electrokinetic process with NaOH as electrolyte was effective in removing TPHs from low-permeability soil.

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Electrokinetic remediation of fluorine-contaminated soil: Conditioning of anolyte

Cited by 79 publications

References 20 publications

Electrokinetic restoration of saline agricultural lands

Electrokinetic restoration of saline agricultural lands

Pulsed electrokinetic removal of Cd and Zn from fine-grained soil

Electrokinetic Removal of Petroleum Hydrocarbon from Residual Clayey Soil Following a Washing Process

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