Electrokinetic flow through porous media composed of fine cylindrical capillaries

Brož, Zdeněk; Epstein, Norman

doi:10.1016/0021-9797(76)90127-2

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Measured smaller zeta potential may reflect the difference in glass composition and surface roughness. It may also be caused by contamination of glass surface (Brož and Epstein, 1976). Similar values obtained for our three experiments confirm the similarity in the surface state of glass beads.…”

Section: Streaming Potentialsupporting

confidence: 89%

Deviation of linear relation between streaming potential and pore fluid pressure difference in granular material at relatively high Reynolds numbers

Watanabe

Katagishi

2006

Earth Planet Sp

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We conducted streaming potential measurements on the packing of glass beads, and investigated the deviation of streaming potential from the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski (H-S) equation. The H-S equation was originally derived on the assumption of laminar flows. Studies using a capillary have shown that the H-S equation is valid for turbulent flows in so far as the viscous sublayer is thicker than the electrical double layer and the entrance effect is negligible. Although the streaming potential in porous media has been reported to deviate from the H-S equation for turbulent flows, its mechanism is still poorly understood. We measured the fluid flux and the streaming potential as a function of the pore fluid pressure difference. The fluid flux begins to deviate from Darcy's law at Reynolds number >3, and the streaming potential begins to deviate from the linear relation at larger Reynolds numbers. When the flow is fast, the fluid inertia separates the boundary layer from the solid surface and induces the counter flows. The fluid in the counter-flow region is separated from the circulating fluid, and ions there cannot contribute to the convection current. We think that this results in a lower streaming potential than expected from the H-S equation.

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Section: Streaming Potentialsupporting

confidence: 89%

Deviation of linear relation between streaming potential and pore fluid pressure difference in granular material at relatively high Reynolds numbers

Watanabe

Katagishi

2006

Earth Planet Sp

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“…Electro-osmosis in ultra-fine capillaries is more complicated than this simple treatment implies (see Broz & Epstein, 1976). Nevertheless it appears that the electro-osmotic flux may well be of the right magnitude to make the efflux of anionic drug species much smaller than the expected Faraday equivalent.…”

Section: Mediation Of Muscarinic and F-adrenergic Responsesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Synaptic delay in the heart: an ionophoretic study.

Hill-Smith¹,

Purves²

1978

The Journal of Physiology

104

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SUMMARY1. Neurotransmitters were applied ionophoretically to spontaneously beating clusters of ventricular muscle cells cultured from neonatal rats.2. Acetylcholine or its analogue carbachol produced hyperpolarization and decreased the rate of spontaneous beating. These responses had minimum latencies of about 250 msec and total durations of 6-12 sec.3. Noradrenaline, adrenaline or isoprenaline increased the rate of spontaneous beating. The minimum latency for this effect was 3-6 sec. Following a single brief pulse the rate remained elevated for 2 min or more.4. Chronotropic responses of intact atria from adult rats to stimulation of the autonomic nerves were of similar time course to responses of the cultured muscle cells.5. Calculations based on the theory of diffusion showed that access of drugs to their receptors could not be rate-limiting for the observed responses, unless a diffusion barrier of rather special properties was postulated. A number of other explanations for the long latencies have been ruled out; these are most likely to be due to some physical or chemical process occurring in or under the cell membrane.6. Attempts to mimic responses to catecholamines by intracellular application of cyclic AMP were unsuccessful, perhaps because the release of nucleotide from the pipettes was insufficient. A theoretical treatment suggests that ionophoretic efflux of anions might be greatly diminished by the opposing electro-osmotic flux.

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“…Measurement of filter medium IEP can be done using streaming potential. Experimental studies that describe and employ a streaming potential to determine filter media zeta potential include Broz and Epstein (1976); Benavente and Fernandez-Pineda (1985); Nystrom et al (1989); Martinez et al (2002) ' and Lawrence et al (2006). It can also be measured using the electroviscous effect as described in Huisman et al (1998).…”

Section: Ph Dependence Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filtration Understanding: FY10 Testing Results and Filtration Model Update

Daniel¹,

Billing²,

Burns³

et al. 2011

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SummaryThis document completes the requirements of Milestone 2-4, Final Report of FY10 Testing, discussed in the scope of work outlined in the EM31 task plan WP-2.3.6-2010-1. The focus of task WP-2.3.6 is to improve the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) understanding of filtration operations for high-level waste (HLW) to improve filtration and cleaning efficiencies, thereby increasing process throughput and reducing the Na demand (through acid neutralization). Developing cleaning/backpulsing requirements will produce much more efficient operations for both the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) and the Savannah River Site (SRS), thereby significantly increasing throughput by limiting cleaning cycles. Indeed, current program results derived from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) studies indicate that a ~35% increase in filter throughput can be achieved by optimization of backpulse frequency alone. In this report, the results of FY10 testing conducted under EM31 task plan WP-2.3.6-2010-1 are presented and discussed. The scope of this work is to develop the understanding of filter fouling to allow developing this cleaning/backpulsing strategy.The overall approach to this task is:  Review previous cross-flow testing at SRS, PNNL, and other peer review journals to direct testing activities for this task. Develop a predictive model that reflects the important physical mechanisms of fouling and cleaning for use in determining effective filter cleaning strategies for a variety of feeds. Develop simulants that can result in significant irreversible fouling, but also are representative of the types of materials that are present in HLW. Test these simulants in bench-scale equipment to identify the cleaning requirements for these feeds. Develop a cleaning strategy to optimize throughput while minimizing added Na. Validate the model and operational strategy with actual waste samples as appropriate.The FY10 work discussed in the current report focused on tests that would improve understanding of filter fouling dynamics to allow development of improved filtration models. To this end, three filtration test programs were conducted to provide insight into dynamics of filter fouling and the efficacy of flux recovery operations, including both backpulsing of the filter and chemical cleaning regimens. The three testing programs were: Series 1, Long Term Fouling Tests -examined flux decline when filtering the Pretreatment Engineering Platform (PEP) waste simulant slurry for long periods of time without backpulsing. Previous filtration testing has only studied filter flux dynamics over relatively brief periods of operation (4-12 hours) with respect to expected filtration operation times at WTP (on the order of 100 hours). The aim of Series 1 testing was to answer this need. Series 2, Component Fouling Tests -determined the filtration behavior of the major components that comprise the PEP simulant. By examining each solid component separately, the nature of particle-particle and particle me...

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Electrokinetic flow through porous media composed of fine cylindrical capillaries

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

Deviation of linear relation between streaming potential and pore fluid pressure difference in granular material at relatively high Reynolds numbers

Deviation of linear relation between streaming potential and pore fluid pressure difference in granular material at relatively high Reynolds numbers

Synaptic delay in the heart: an ionophoretic study.

Filtration Understanding: FY10 Testing Results and Filtration Model Update

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