Electrokinetic-enhanced permanganate delivery and remediation of contaminated low permeability porous media

Chowdhury, A. I.; Gerhard, Jason I.; Reynolds, D. A.; Sleep, Brent E.; O'Carroll, D. M.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.005

Cited by 75 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…EK remediation includes the flow of electrical current in the soil, liquid pole electro-osmotic migration, electrical migration of ions, charged particles and colloids, electrolysis of water in the soil in the vicinity of the electrodes, migration of hydrogen and hydroxide ions into the soil resulting in temporary changes in soil pH, gas production at the electrodes, development of the non-uniform electric field, as well as the production of electro-osmotic flow 16,17 . In EK decomposition of water reactions, oxygen and hydrogen ions (H + ) are produced due to oxidation at the anode, while hydrogen gas and hydroxide ions (OH -) are made because of the reduction in cathode 18,19 . One of the problems in EK remediation of soil contaminated with organic compounds is that PAHs are hydrophobic, thus reducing the efficiency of the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Combination of Surfactant Addition and Persulfate-assisted Electrokinetic Oxidation for Remediation of Pyrene-Contaminated Soil

Abtahi

Jorfi

Mehrabi

et al. 2018

Chem.Biochem.Eng.Q.

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Effect of surfactant addition on persulfate-assisted electrokinetic remediation of pyrene-spiked soil was studied. The influence of effective factors including voltage, surfactant addition, moisture content, and persulfate concentration on the removal of initial pyrene concentration of 200 mg kg-1 were investigated. A complete pyrene removal was observed for voltage of 1 V cm-1 , saturated conditions, Tween 80 concentration of 20 mL kg-1 , and persulfate concentration of 100 mg kg-1 after 24 h, corresponding to pyrene mineralization of 61 %, based on TPH analysis. The experimental results were best fitted with pseudo-first-order kinetic model with correlation coefficient of 0.968 and rate constant of 0.191 min −1. The main intermediates of pyrene degradation were benzene o-toluic acid, acetic, azulene, naphthalene and decanoic acid. Finally, an unwashed hydrocarbon-contaminated soil was subjected to persulfate-assisted electrokinetic remediation, and a TPH removal of 38 % was observed for the initial TPH content of 912 mg kg-1 , under the selected conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Combination of Surfactant Addition and Persulfate-assisted Electrokinetic Oxidation for Remediation of Pyrene-Contaminated Soil

Abtahi

Jorfi

Mehrabi

et al. 2018

Chem.Biochem.Eng.Q.

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“…Even so, the difference in final TCE effluent concentration between Sale et al (2013) and Chowdhury et al (2017b) is approximately an order of magnitude. One factor which presumably contributed significantly to this is the order‐of‐magnitude higher

M n O_{4}^{-}

concentration used by Chowdhury et al (2017b) relative to Sale et al (2013). Another factor which most likely played a significant part was the permanganate injection duration relative to the contaminant injection duration, which was ~4 times larger in the Chowdhury et al (2017b) experiment.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Both Sale et al (2013) and Chowdhury et al (2017b) introduced the contaminant into their respective models by flushing the HPZ with high TCE concentrations, thereby inducing contaminant forward diffusion into the LPZs. Even so, the difference in final TCE effluent concentration between Sale et al (2013) and Chowdhury et al (2017b) is approximately an order of magnitude. One factor which presumably contributed significantly to this is the order‐of‐magnitude higher

M n O_{4}^{-}

concentration used by Chowdhury et al (2017b) relative to Sale et al (2013).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Managing Risk due to Back Diffusion

Brooks¹,

Yarney²,

Huang³

2021

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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Back diffusion of contaminants from secondary sources may hamper site remediation if it is not properly addressed in the remedial design. A review of all reported technologies and strategies that have been or could be applied to address plume persistence due to back diffusion as published in the peer‐reviewed literature is provided. We classify these into four major categories. The first category consists of those approaches that do not include active measures to specifically address contamination in the low permeable zones (LPZs) and can therefore be considered passive LPZ management approaches. A disadvantage of these approaches is the long duration that may be required to meet acceptable endpoints; however, this allows degradation to potentially play a significant part even at modest rates. The remaining three categories all use approaches to specifically address contaminants in the LPZ. The second category consists of strategies that promote contaminant destruction through the forward diffusion of amendments into the LPZ. A variety of laboratory tests indicate concentration or flux reductions range from no improvement, to reductions as high as four orders‐of‐magnitude depending on the evaluation metric. The third category consists of strategies that alter physical characteristics of the secondary source, and includes viscosity modification, fracturing, and soil mixing. Each of these offer unique advantages and are often used to deliver one or more amendments for contaminant treatment. The final category consists of thermal and electrokinetic remediation, both less susceptible to permeability contrast limitations. However, they are not routinely used for secondary‐source treatment.

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“…In another word, the aquitards bounding the aquifer are taken as two completely impermeable barriers for solute transport. To date, numerous studies demonstrated that such an assumption might cause errors for groundwater flow (Zlotnik and Zhan, 2005;Hantush, 1967), and for reactive transport (Zhan et al, 2009;Chowdhury et al, 2017;Li et al, 2019). This is because even without any flow in the aquitards, molecular diffusion is inevitable to occur when solute injected to the aquifer is close to the aquitard-aquifer interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is particularly true when a fully penetrating well is used for injection, thus a portion of injected solute is very close to the aquitard-aquifer interface and the SWIW test duration is relatively long so the effect of molecular diffusion can be materialized. Another important point to note is that the materials of aquitard are usually clay and silt which have strong absorbing capability for chemicals and great mass storage capacities (Chowdhury et al, 2017). Actually, the influence of aquitard on reactive transport in aquifers has attracted attentions for several decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Model of Reactive Transport in Single-Well Injection-Withdrawal Test with Aquitard Effect

Wang

Shi

2020

Preprint

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Abstract. The model of single-well injection-withdrawal (SWIW) test has been widely used to investigate reactive radial dispersion in remediation or parameter estimation of the in situ aquifers. Previous analytical solutions only focused on a completely isolated aquifer for the SWIW test, excluding any influence of aquitards bounding the tested aquifer. This simplification might be questionable in field applications when test durations are relatively long, because solute transport in or out of the bounding aquitards is inevitable due to molecular diffusion and cross-formational advective transport. Here, a new SWIW model is developed in an aquifer-aquitard system, and the analytical solution in the Laplace domain is derived. Four phases of the test are included: the injection phase, the chaser phase, the rest phase and the extraction phase. The Green's function method is employed for the solution in the extraction phase. As the permeability of aquitard is much smaller than the permeability of the aquifer, the flow is assumed to be perpendicular to the aquitard, thus only vertical dispersive and advective transports are considered for aquitard. The validity of this treatment is tested by a numerical solution. The sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the influence of vertical flow velocity and porosity in the aquitards, and radial dispersion of the aquifer is more sensitive to the SWIW test than other parameters. In the injection phase, the larger radial dispersivity of the aquifer could result in the smaller values of breakthrough curves (BTCs), while greater values of BTCs of the chaser and rest phases. In the extraction phase, it could lead to the smaller peak values of BTCs. The new model of this study performs better than previous studies excluding the aquitard effect for interpreting data of the field SWIW test.

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Electrokinetic-enhanced permanganate delivery and remediation of contaminated low permeability porous media

Cited by 75 publications

References 20 publications

A Novel Combination of Surfactant Addition and Persulfate-assisted Electrokinetic Oxidation for Remediation of Pyrene-Contaminated Soil

A Novel Combination of Surfactant Addition and Persulfate-assisted Electrokinetic Oxidation for Remediation of Pyrene-Contaminated Soil

Strategies for Managing Risk due to Back Diffusion

New Model of Reactive Transport in Single-Well Injection-Withdrawal Test with Aquitard Effect

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