Electrokinetic Change in Human Erythrocytes During Adsorption and Elution of PR8 Influenza Virus.

Hanig, Martin

doi:10.3181/00379727-68-16494

Cited by 60 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Later, from adsorption and elution experiments on viruses, Hirst (1948) suggested that the receptor sites on the red cell surface might be mucoprotein. Hanig (1948) demonstrated that elution of virus from erythrocyte surfaces was accompanied by a decrease in the electrophoretic mobility of the cells, and Stone & Ada (1952) examined more fully the relationship between changes in the electrophoretic mobility of red blood cells and the agglutination of these cells after treatment with viral enzyme.…”

Section: (I) Electrophoresis Of Intact Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycoproteins in Membranes

Cook

1968

Biological Reviews

155

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Summary 1. Although the classical models of biomembranes have emphasized the lipid and protein nature of these structures, a small quantity of carbohydrate is present as glycoprotein and glycolipid in animal cell membranes. In this article an attempt has been made to indicate that such carbohydrate materials should be considered in any complete model of animal cell membranes. 2. Various techniques that have demonstrated the presence of glycoproteins in animal cell membranes have been discussed here. In particular, cell electrophoresis, especially when the measurements are combined with specific enzyme treatments of the cells, has indicated that the net negative surface charge on intact viable cells is mainly due to sialic acid‐containing glycoproteins and not as previously thought to ionizable phosphate groups associated with a complex phospholipid system. 3. Membrane‐bound antigens are complex carbohydrate‐containing macro‐molecules whose antigenic activity is principally associated with the configuration at terminal positions on the carbohydrate chains. Enzymic degradation of the glycoproteins of the intact plasma membrane of cells, especially erythrocytes, causes profound changes in the immunological behaviour of the cell. 4. Histology and electron microscopy have indicated the presence of carbohydrate at the periphery of many mammalian cells. Some workers consider that such materials are present in a ‘cell coat’ covering the plasma membrane, rather than in the membrane itself. 5. Studies on the isolation and characterization of membrane glycoproteins have indicated that small oligosaccharide units linked to O‐seryl or glutamyl residues in proteins are important structural units in plasma membranes. 6. The glycosylation of proteins takes place within the membranes of the endo‐plasmic reticulum. Studies of glycoprotein biosynthesis suggest that the cell is able to synthesize a diversity of cell‐surface structures from a relatively small number of monosaccharides. 7. Modification of the sialic acid‐containing glycoproteins of the plasma membrane affects the transport of materials in and out of cells. Glycoproteins are present in membranes other than the plasma membrane, and are therefore considered to be integral components of membranes; hence the designation ‘cell coat’, whilst useful as a descriptive term, should not be taken to indicate that glycoproteins are constituents of a functional entity separate from that of the membrane. 8. Evidence that membrane glycoproteins may act as sites of interaction between cells is discussed. The involvement of glycoproteins in such a role would explain why the cell had developed a biosynthetic process capable of producing varied surface oligosaccharide structures from monosaccharides.

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Section: (I) Electrophoresis Of Intact Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycoproteins in Membranes

Cook

1968

Biological Reviews

155

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“…The membrane appears to possess a definite specific adsorption capacity. Hanig (1948), working with PR8 influenza A and using haemagglutinin titres for deducing the adsorption on intact red cells, calculated that only l/80th of the surface was covered at saturation, the number of virus particles/cell being 298. The saturation level of adsorption in Exp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Investigation of Influenza and Related Viruses in the Electron Microscope, by a New Technique

Dawson

Elford

1949

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARY:Influenza and related viruses were studied by a new method in which virus is adsorbed on the membranes of laked fowl red cells for examination in the electron microscope. The numbers of virus particles adsorbed per unit area of red-cell membrane were estimated from direct counts in micrographs of palladium-shadowed and unshadowed specimens. There was a definite saturation level of adsorption for each strain of virus, the value varying also according to the particular batch of cells and their age after storage at 0". For subsaturation conditions the number of particles adsorbed was proportional to the concentration of virus and the concentration of cells, and a function both of time of contact and temperature. The relationships were complicated by the fact that elution began before adsorption was complete.The comparative data for the size and variation of these viruses were obtained from micrographs of preparations directly adsorbed from infective allantoic fluid and thus not subjected to harsh methods of purification. The mean sizes (mp) found for the dried virus were : influenza A virus, 90 11.5 ; influenza 13 virus, 103 k 8 ; fowl-plague virus, 101 f 16 ; Pu'ewcastle-disease virus, 193 f 28 ; and mumps virus, 179 f 28.The occurrence of long forms associated with influenza B virus was confirmed and filamentous structures were demonstrated for the first time in preparations of a strain of fowl-plague virus.

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“…After the nature of the viral enzymes and their action had been elucidated it remained for Klenk (24) to make the suggestion that the negative charge on the erythrocyte was due to sialic acids. He did this by coupling the electrophoretic studies of such researchers as Hanig (25) with those of the workers in the field of neuraminidases.…”

Section: Receptor Destroying Enzyme and The Red Cell Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Recognising the attraction of sugars at the cell surface

Cook

1994

BioEssays

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Electrokinetic Change in Human Erythrocytes During Adsorption and Elution of PR8 Influenza Virus.

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

Glycoproteins in Membranes

Glycoproteins in Membranes

The Investigation of Influenza and Related Viruses in the Electron Microscope, by a New Technique

Recognising the attraction of sugars at the cell surface

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