Electrogeneration of Biotinylated Functionalized Polypyrroles for the Simple Immobilization of Enzymes

Abstract

A new biotin derivative functionalized by a pyrrole group has been synthesized. This functionalization has allowed the preparation of the first example of a poly(pyrrole-biotin) film by oxidative polymerization. In addition, the successful copolymerization of a polypyridinyl complex of ruthenium(II) containing pyrrole groups with the biotin derivative provided redox copolymers exhibiting specific adsorption sites. The resulting copolymer electrodes were applied to the immobilization of a biotinylated glucose oxidase through an avidin bridge. An avidin-conjugated alkaline phosphatase was also immobilized by direct specific adsorption onto the biotinylated polymer. The amperometric response of the resulting biosensors to glucose and phenylphosphate has been studied.

Perspective potential of polymer-based biosensor chips in food industry and clinical diagnostics

“…Another type of clinically important biosensors is DNA sensors, which are applicable in diagnosis of inherited diseases. These biosensors can be made of conducting polymer that acts as transducer [58].…”

Recent Developments, Characteristics, and Potential Applications of Electrochemical Biosensors

“…72,76,77 The attachment of proteins via the simple formation of an avidin-biotin bridge with biotinylated proteins or avidin conjugated proteins made use of the high affinity of the avidin-biotin interaction. 6,72 The analytical characteristics of electro-generation of a biotinylated conducting polypyrrole film from a novel pyrrole biotin were described in the literature.…”

Fabrication of biosensors by attachment of biological macromolecules to electropolymerized conducting films

“…In particular, their conductivity allows the reproducible formation of polymer layers of electrochemically controlled thickness. With this aim in view, biotin derivatives bearing an electropolymerizable pyrrole group have been recently synthesized and applied to the elaboration of electrically conducting polypyrrole films [35][36][37][38] (Fig. 5).…”

“…This loss could be attributed to the hydrophobic character of the organic polymers [12]. Moreover, the steric constraints generated by the surrounding polymer drastically reduce the accessibility to the immobilized biomolecules.…”