Electroencephalographic evidence for the involvement of mirror-neuron and error-monitoring related processes in virtual body ownership

Raz, Gal; Gurevitch, Guy; Vaknin, Tom; Aazamy, Araz; Gefen, Iddo; Grunstein, Stanislaw; Azouri, Gal; Goldway, Noam

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116351

Cited by 19 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The present study investigated the participants' subjective ratings of embodiment and their electrical neuroimaging data in order to reveal the mechanism of breaks in embodiment. In line with previous experiments 23,43,44 , our manipulation successfully elicited ErrPs when participants experienced a conflict between their real and virtual bodies (visuo-proprioceptive disruption). Extending these previous works, our results show that the level of SoE and the amplitude of ErrPs are modulated by prior conditions manipulating the sense of embodiment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

EEG signature of breaks in embodiment in VR

Porssut

Iwane

Chavarriaga

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The brain mechanism of embodiment in a virtual body has grown a scientific interest recently, with a particular focus on providing optimal virtual reality (VR) experiences. Disruptions from an embodied state to a less- or non-embodied state, denominated Breaks in Embodiment (BiE), are however rarely studied despite their importance for designing interactions in VR. Here we use electroencephalography (EEG) to monitor the brain's reaction to a BiE, and investigate how this reaction depends on previous embodiment conditions. The experimental protocol consisted of two sequential steps; an induction step where participants were either embodied or non-embodied in an avatar, and a monitoring step where, in some cases, participants saw the avatar's hand move while their hand remained still. Our results show the occurrence of error-related potentials linked to observation of the BiE event in the monitoring step. Importantly, this EEG signature shows amplified potentials following the non-embodied condition, which is indicative of an accumulation of errors across steps. These results provide neurophysiological indications on how progressive disruptions impact the expectation of embodiment for a virtual body.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

EEG signature of breaks in embodiment in VR

Porssut

Iwane

Chavarriaga

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…112,113 Moreover, studies have also speculated that the close biological proximity between virtual and real environment could also promote learning by facilitating activations in the frontoparietal mirror neuron system (MNS). 32,[114][115][116] Nevertheless, the evidence supporting the engagement of the MNS during virtual tasks is scarce and future work would be needed to establish its involvement with VR. Furthermore, the patient-centered, closed-loop approach of VR, such as patient-specific difficulty progression, could be an additional reason explaining the observed enhancements in gait performance (see flow theory 117 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual reality training enhances gait poststroke: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Ghai

Ghai²,

Lamontagne

2020

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Virtual reality (VR)-based interventions are gaining widespread attention for managing neurological disorders such as stroke. A metastatistical consensus regarding the intervention is strongly warranted. In this study, we attempt to address this gap in the literature and provide the current state of evidence for the effects of VR on gait performance. We conducted both between-and within-group meta-analyses to provide a state of evidence for VR. Moreover, we conducted a search adhering to PRISMA guidelines on nine databases. Out of 1866 records, 32 studies involving a total of 809 individuals were included in this review. Considering all included studies, significant enhancements in gait parameters were observed with VR-based interventions compared with conventional therapy. A between-group meta-analysis reported beneficial significant medium effects of VR training on cadence (Hedge's g = 0.55), stride length ((STrL; Hedge's g = 0.46), and gait speed (Hedge's g = 0.30). Similarly, a within-group metaanalysis further revealed positive medium effects of VR on cadence (Hedge's g = 0.76), STrL (Hedge's g = 0.61), and gait speed (Hedge's g = 0.69). Additional subgroup analyses revealed beneficial effects of joint application of VR and robot-assisted gait training on gait speed (Hedge's g = 0.50). Collectively, findings from this review provide evidence for the effectiveness of VR-based gait training for stroke survivors.

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“…Some studies reported more proprioceptive drift in the illusion condition, but did not obtain a significant correlation between proprioceptive drift and perceived ownership (Metral et al, 2017;Riemer et al, 2015Riemer et al, , 2019. Raz et al (2020) found the correlation between proprioceptive drift and questionnaire scores in some conditions, but not in others. Most strikingly, Rohde et al (2011) and Holle et al (2011) found increased proprioceptive drift in the absence of the illusion, which suggests that factors other than the illusion may influence this measure.…”

Section: Proprioceptive Driftmentioning

confidence: 81%

The Redundant Signals Effect and the Full Body Illusion: not Multisensory, but Unisensory Tactile Stimuli Are Affected by the Illusion

2021

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During a full body illusion (FBI), participants experience a change in self-location towards a body that they see in front of them from a third-person perspective and experience touch to originate from this body. Multisensory integration is thought to underlie this illusion. In the present study we tested the redundant signals effect (RSE) as a new objective measure of the illusion that was designed to directly tap into the multisensory integration underlying the illusion. The illusion was induced by an experimenter who stroked and tapped the participant’s shoulder and underarm, while participants perceived the touch on the virtual body in front of them via a head-mounted display. Participants performed a speeded detection task, responding to visual stimuli on the virtual body, to tactile stimuli on the real body and to combined (multisensory) visual and tactile stimuli. Analysis of the RSE with a race model inequality test indicated that multisensory integration took place in both the synchronous and the asynchronous condition. This surprising finding suggests that simultaneous bodily stimuli from different (visual and tactile) modalities will be transiently integrated into a multisensory representation even when no illusion is induced. Furthermore, this finding suggests that the RSE is not a suitable objective measure of body illusions. Interestingly however, responses to the unisensory tactile stimuli in the speeded detection task were found to be slower and had a larger variance in the asynchronous condition than in the synchronous condition. The implications of this finding for the literature on body representations are discussed.

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Electroencephalographic evidence for the involvement of mirror-neuron and error-monitoring related processes in virtual body ownership

Cited by 19 publications

References 80 publications

EEG signature of breaks in embodiment in VR

EEG signature of breaks in embodiment in VR

Virtual reality training enhances gait poststroke: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

The Redundant Signals Effect and the Full Body Illusion: not Multisensory, but Unisensory Tactile Stimuli Are Affected by the Illusion

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