Electroencephalogram Theta/Beta Ratio and Spectral Power Correlates of Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents With AD/HD

Zhang, Da-Wei; Li, Hui; Wu, Zhanliang; Zhao, Qingwei; Song, Yan; Liu, Lu; Qian, Qiujin; Wang, Yufeng; Roodenrys, Steven; Johnstone, Stuart J.; Blasio, Frances M. De; Sun, Li

doi:10.1177/1087054717718263

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…TBR might be a biomarker for prefrontal lobe mediated executive control or attentional control functions 4 or might be an inhibitory biomarker. 7 Zhang et al 24 explored the association with resting EEG and neuropsychological tasks and supported the neurophysiological states as biomarkers for neuropsychological functions. In one study of 220 6- to 12-year-old children 25 (54 in ADHD inattention subtypes [ADHD-I], 53 in ADHD hyperactivity/impulsivity subtypes [ADHD-H/I], 57 in ADHD combined subtype [ADHD-C], and 56 in typical development) did a test of variables of attention (TOVA) and concurrent EEGs (at CZ and FP1) which showed that ADHD-I had a higher TBR than ADHD-C did at CZ, but a lower TBR at FP1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…13,14 On the other hand, 3 levels of endophenotypes in ADHD have been proposed, 15 and the associations between behavioral symptoms, neuropsychological functions, neurophysiological technique, and neuropsychological mechanisms have become more critical in ADHD studies. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Associations between EEGs are also important for ADHD research 12,23,24 but it is unclear what specific processes are associated with TBR. TBR might be a biomarker for prefrontal lobe mediated executive control or attentional control functions 4 or might be an inhibitory biomarker.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frontal Beta Activity in the Meta-Intention of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Liao

Guo

et al. 2020

Clin EEG Neurosci

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Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have high theta and low beta activity in the frontal lobe. The higher the theta/beta ratio, the lower the level of central nervous system (CNS) cortical arousal. However, there is seldom evidence between electroencephalograms (EEGs) and the patient’s intentionality to regulate the cortical activity of executive attention tasks. We investigated whether children with ADHD intended to improve their performance in executive attention tasks and whether that increased their brain activity. Fifty-one children with ADHD (ADHD) and 51 typical developing (TD) children were investigated using focused attention (FA) and search attention (SA) tasks and a simultaneous EEG. The children were then regrouped as faster (ADHD-F, TD-F) and slower (ADHD-S, TD-S) depending on reaction time (RT). Quantitative EEGs of frontal lobe theta and beta activity at frontal F3, F4, and Fz were used. Twenty-eight (54.9%) ADHD children were regrouped as ADHD-S and 14 (27.5%) as TD-S. The ADHD-S group, however, had poorer FA and SA performance than the other 3 groups did: fewer correct answers, more frequent impulsive and missing errors, and higher RT variations. There were no significant differences in theta activity, but the TD-S group had higher beta activity than the ADHD-S group did. We conclude that the ADHD-F and ADHD-S groups had different attention processes. beta activity did not increase in the ADHD-S group, and their executive attention performance in the FA and SA tests was poor. It seems ADHD-S had poor meta-intention function. The frontal beta activity might be a feasible training target of neurofeedback in ADHD-S patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal Beta Activity in the Meta-Intention of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Liao

Guo

et al. 2020

Clin EEG Neurosci

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“…While non-REM (NREM) sleep did not differ significantly in ADHD compared to normal controls, REM sleep was of longer duration and there was an increase in the number of sleep cycles 42-44. It was suggested, that increased number of sleep cycles may impose faster transition to REM sleep explaining in part the longer duration of REM sleep in ADHD 44 .The main relevant alterations in PSG microstructure in ADHD children are increased theta activity mainly during REM sleep 45 . Similar findings of increased thetabeta ratio in awake surface EEG in ADHD was associated with impaired inhibitory control 46 . The consistently demonstrated altered theta activity both during waking state and sleep led Scarpelli to conclude that increased theta activity may be a biological marker of ADHD in children in spite of the fact that it was based on only 8 studies published between the years 2006-2017 43 .…”

Section: Sleep Problems In Youngsters With Adhdmentioning

confidence: 52%

Sleep impairment in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Is it an additional symptom of ADHD or the result of comorbidities?

Gadoth

2020

MRAJ

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a quite common neuropsychiatric ailment affecting all ages. The diagnosis is based on clinical judgement without a biological diagnostic marker. Thus, both over – and – underdiagnoses are not a rarity. Since it is a developmental disorder the clinical features are altered with age but the classical “triad” of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity remain in the majority of the patients throughout their life span. A number of comorbidities are associated with the disorder and in many patients their presence imposes a negative effect on life quality which may be more prominent than that caused directly by the classical "triad". Although cases with the triad have been reported during the last 200 years, the concept of ADHD was solidified in 1987. Sleep impairment as an important comorbidity of ADHD has been slowly unrevealed. Surprisingly, even in DSM-5, any form of sleep impairment was not mentioned in ADHD. This paper is a review of the prevalence, characteristics and possible aetiology of sleep impairment in youngsters and adults with ADHD. Also, the bidirectional association between impaired sleep quality and ADHD is discussed in an attempt to clarify whether impaired sleep is an additional symptom of “pure” ADHD, is the sole result of associated comorbidities or is the result of both.

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“…Several EEG waking studies showed that the theta activity has a pivotal role in ADHD functioning [52]. In particular, children with ADHD show an increased absolute theta power, often associated with a decreased beta power.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, children with ADHD show an increased absolute theta power, often associated with a decreased beta power. This leads to an increased theta/beta ratio, recognized as a neurophysiological marker for helping to diagnose ADHD [52]. These findings could be conceptualized in terms of “cortical hypoarousal” and of unstable vigilance regulation [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Understanding the Relationship between Sleep and Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Scarpelli

Gorgoni

D’Atri

et al. 2019

JCM

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Starting from the consolidated relationship between sleep and cognition, we reviewed the available literature on the association between Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and sleep. This review analyzes the macrostructural and microstructural sleep features, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria (PRISMA). We included the polysomnographic studies published in the last 15 years. The results of macrostructural parameters are mixed. Almost half of the 18 selected investigations did not find differences between sleep architecture of children with ADHD and controls. Five studies observed that children with ADHD show a longer Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep duration than controls. Eight studies included microstructural measures. Remarkable alterations in sleep microstructure of ADHD are related to slow wave activity (SWA) and theta oscillations, respectively, during Non-REM (NREM) and REM sleep. Specifically, some studies found higher SWA in the ADHD group than controls. Similarly, higher theta activity appears to be detrimental for memory performance and inhibitory control in ADHD. These patterns could be interpreted as a maturational delay in ADHD. Also, the increased amount of these activities would be consistent with the hypothesis that the poor sleep could imply a chronic sleep deprivation in children with ADHD, which in turn could affect their cognitive functioning.

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Electroencephalogram Theta/Beta Ratio and Spectral Power Correlates of Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents With AD/HD

Abstract: The results do not support the diagnostic value of TBR. Instead, given the heterogeneous features, the results support the prognostic value of EEG in AD/HD.

Cited by 27 publications

References 60 publications

Frontal Beta Activity in the Meta-Intention of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Frontal Beta Activity in the Meta-Intention of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Sleep impairment in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Is it an additional symptom of ADHD or the result of comorbidities?

Advances in Understanding the Relationship between Sleep and Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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