Electroencephalogram Based Music Interventions on Obstructive Sleep Apnea using Brain Connectivity Analysis

Abstract

Sleep apnea is a disorder that represents the blockage of air in the upper airway while sleeping. It affects regular breathing repeatedly and poses potential risks. In this proposed study, brain connectivity analysis has been monitored using Indian Carnatic music in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. This study utilized 12 participants who underwent electroencephalogram (EEG) recording in two sessions, with no music and with music 1 (Neelambari) and music 2 (Kapi). After the pre-processing, the EEG signal bands were separated using wavelet packet decomposition (WPD). The absolute values of wavelet coefficients were used to analyze the brain connectivity patterns on both music and no music conditions. Compared to no music, Neelambari's music condition resulted in improved right-hemispheric effective connectivity between the frontal and temporal (F8 and T8) "executive" nodes. The correlation value of the beta band (0.943 & 0.998) and delta band (0.945 & 0.999), respectively, where the moderate right-hemispheric connectivity has been noted among regions in the theta (0.746 & 0.996) and alpha band (0.746 & 0.996). In no music condition, there is moderate right and left hemispheric connection between the frontal and temporal nodes in the delta (0.853 & 0.999) and beta band (0.885 to 0.993). In contrast, there is reduced connectivity in the theta (0.603 & 0.688) and alpha band (0.6883 to 0.9913). This proposed study conveyed that effective connectivity was noted in the Neelambari music condition compared to no music.