Electrodynamics of finite-size particles with arbitrary spin

Abstract

We construct the most general Hamiltonian for the electromagnetic interaction of the finite-size particle-like nucleus with arbitrary spin, magnetic dipole, and electric quadrupole moments. It includes all the terms, which are important for obtaining atomic energy levels up to the order α 6 . The result is verified against spin s = 0, 1/2, and 1 cases, where the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation is performed of the corresponding relativistic equation.

Nuclear Structure Corrections in Muonic Deuterium

“…The effective nonrelativistic Hamiltonian obtained from Eq. ( 2) gives the ∇ • E term with the coefficient e Q/6 [9]. What part of this coefficient should be included in the charge radius, and what in the kinematical term δ I ?…”

Laser Spectroscopy Measurements of Metastable Pionic Helium Atoms at Paul Scherrer Institute

“…1). The two-body π 4 He 2+ ion [34][35][36][37] that remained after Auger decay [38,39] was destroyed in collisions with helium atoms. The laser resonance of π 4 He + was detected as a peak in the rate of neutrons, protons, and deuterons that emerged from the resulting π − absorption.…”

Nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamic approach to polarizabilities of light atoms

“…This theory was first introduced by Caswell and Lepage [25]. Another form of NRQED was developed by Pachucki [26,27], which is based on an effective Hamiltonian derived from the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation. The singularity of Green's function determines the energy-shift.…”