Electrodynamics of a convective cloud

Trakhtengertz, V. Yu.; Mareev, Eugene A.; Сорокин, А. Е.

doi:10.1007/bf02677826

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For several decades, an approach has been developed for the possible local enhancement of E in a thunderstorm on scales from tens of centimeters to hundreds of meters. As introduced above (i9), fluctuations of E over about 100 m can occur due to hydrodynamic instabilities (Colgate, 1967; Iudin et al, 2003; Mareev et al, 1999; Trakhtengerts, 1989; Trakhtengertz et al, 1997). In an EE volume these hydrodynamic instabilities create periodic increases and decreases in the magnitude of the electric field; we refer to volumes of these periodic increases and decreases as “cells.” There is a spatial network of cells within an EE volume.…”

Section: Some Main Components Of the Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Following the hypotheses of Trakhtengerts (1989), Trakhtengertz et al (1997Trakhtengertz et al ( , 2002, and Trakhtengerts and Iudin (2005), we assume that discharges in a thundercloud are fundamentally different from the laboratory discharges from metal electrodes precisely because the E is created by statistically located charges in the cloud, which create small-scale variations in E. These small-scale variations of the field do not exist in the physics of a classical electrode gas discharge. For several decades, an approach has been developed for the possible local enhancement of E in a thunderstorm on scales from tens of centimeters to hundreds of meters.…”

Section: 1029/2020jd033191mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colgate (1967) suggested that turbulence in a thundercloud can significantly enhance the local E on scales of about 100 m. Trakhtengerts with coauthors theoretically showed that, due to hydrodynamic instabilities, E in a thunderstorm can fluctuate over about 100 m (Iudin et al, 2003; Mareev et al, 1999; Trakhtengerts, 1989; Trakhtengertz et al, 1997). Trakhtengerts and Iudin (2005), Iudin (2017), and Iudin et al (2019) theoretically estimated that more significant amplifications of E on a smaller scale (10–100 cm) are possible due to the statistical movement of hydrometeors of different sizes and charges in a cloud.…”

Section: Experimental and Theoretical Basis Of The Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mechanism of the Origin and Development of Lightning From Initiating Event to Initial Breakdown Pulses (v.2)

2020

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Based on experimental results of recent years, this article presents a qualitative description of a possible mechanism (termed the Mechanism) covering the main stages of lightning initiation, starting before and including the initiating event, followed by the initial electric field change (IEC), followed by the first few initial breakdown pulses (IBPs). The Mechanism assumes initiation occurs in a region of~1 km 3 with average electric field E > 0.3 MV/(m•atm), which contains, because of turbulence, numerous small "E th volumes" of~10 −4-10 −3 m 3 with E ≥ 3 MV/(m•atm). The Mechanism allows for lightning initiation by either of two observed types of events: a high-power, very high frequency (VHF) event such as a Narrow Bipolar Event or a weak VHF event. According to the Mechanism, both types of initiating events are caused by a group of relativistic runaway electron avalanche particles (where the initial electrons are secondary particles of an extensive air shower) passing through many E th volumes, thereby causing the nearly simultaneous launching of many positive streamer flashes. Due to ionization-heating instability, unusual plasma formations (UPFs) appear along the streamers' trajectories. These UPFs combine into three-dimensional (3-D) networks of hot plasma channels during the IEC, resulting in its observed weak current flow. The subsequent development and combination of two (or more) of these 3-D networks of hot plasma channels then causes the first IBP. Each subsequent IBP is caused when another 3-D network of hot plasma channels combines with the chain of networks caused by earlier IBPs.

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Section: Some Main Components Of the Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: 1029/2020jd033191mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental and Theoretical Basis Of The Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Mechanism of the Origin and Development of Lightning From Initiating Event to Initial Breakdown Pulses (v.2)

2020

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show abstract

“…For several decades, an approach has been developed for the possible local enhancement of E in a thunderstorm on scales from tens of centimeters to hundreds of meters. As introduced above (I.8), fluctuations of E over about 100 m can occur due to hydrodynamic instabilities (Colgate, 1967, Trakhtengerts, 1989Trakhtengerts et al, 1997;Mareev et al, 1999;Iudin et al, 2003). Furthermore, Iudin (2017) has shown that additional E enhancements at even smaller scales may be possible due to the random statistical motion of a multitude of charged particles of different sizes in the cloud.…”

Section: [Iii32] Hydrodynamic and Statistical Processes For Enhancing...mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…[I.8] Colgate (1967) suggested that turbulence in a thundercloud can significantly enhance the local E on scales of about 100 m. Trakhtengerts with co-authors theoretically showed that, due to hydrodynamic instabilities, E in a thunderstorm can fluctuate over about 100 m (Trakhtengerts, 1989;Trakhtengerts et al, 1997;Mareev et al, 1999;Iudin et al, 2003). Iudin (2017) theoretically estimated that more significant amplifications of E on a smaller scale (10-100 cm) are possible due to the statistical movement of hydrometeors of different sizes and charges in a cloud.…”

Section: [I] Experimental and Theoretical Basis Of The Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanism of the Origin and Development of Lightning from Initiating Event to Initial Breakdown Pulses (v.2)

Alexander

Marshall

Stolzenburg

2020

Preprint

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To date, a non-controversial mechanism for the initiation and development of lightning in thunderstorm clouds has not been formulated as a sequential chain of events that begins with the first electron avalanches and ends with the appearance of a negative step leader. Based on experimental results of recent years, this article presents a qualitative description of a possible mechanism (termed the Mechanism) covering the main stages of lightning initiation, starting before and including the initiating event, followed by the initial electric field change (IEC), followed by the first few initial breakdown pulses (IBPs). The later transition from IBPs to a negative stepped leader is briefly described. The Mechanism assumes initiation occurs in a region of a thundercloud of ~1 km 3 with electric field E > 0.3 MV/(m•atm), which contains, because of turbulence, numerous small "E th -volumes" of ~0.001 m 3 with E ≥ 3 MV/(m•atm). The Mechanism allows for lightning initiation by two observed types of initiating events: a high power VHF event called an NBE (narrow bipolar event), or a weak VHF event. According to the Mechanism, both types of initiating events are caused by a group of relativistic runaway electron avalanche particles passing through many of the E th -volumes, thereby causing the nearly simultaneous launching of many positive streamer flashes. Due to ionization-heating instability, unusual plasma formations (UPFs) appear along the trajectories of the streamers. These UPFs combine into three-dimensional (3D) networks of hot plasma channels during the IEC, resulting in its observed weak current flow. The subsequent development and combination of two (or more) of these 3D networks of hot plasma channels then causes the first IBP. Each subsequent IBP is caused when another 3D network of hot plasma channels combines with the chain of networks caused by earlier IBPs.

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Lightning-Discharge Initiation as a Noise-Induced Kinetic Transition

Иудин

2017

Radiophys Quantum El

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Electrodynamics of a convective cloud

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

The Mechanism of the Origin and Development of Lightning From Initiating Event to Initial Breakdown Pulses (v.2)

The Mechanism of the Origin and Development of Lightning From Initiating Event to Initial Breakdown Pulses (v.2)

The Mechanism of the Origin and Development of Lightning from Initiating Event to Initial Breakdown Pulses (v.2)

Lightning-Discharge Initiation as a Noise-Induced Kinetic Transition

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