Electrodynamic model of the lower atmosphere and the ionosphere coupling

Сорокин, В. М.; Chmyrev, V. M.; Yaschenko, A.K.

doi:10.1016/s1364-6826(01)00047-5

Cited by 118 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…V. V. Denisenko et al: Electrostatic field penetration into the ionosphere All these effects or changes in the electromagnetic environment of the near Earth atmosphere due to chemical mechanisms may lead to the rise of electromagnetic fields on the Earth's surface (Gershenzon and Bambakidis, 2001). Several models have been proposed to summarize the main physical mechanisms and the corresponding effects starting from the ground up to the ionosphere/magnetosphere (Gokhberg et al, 1985;Pulinets et al, 2000Pulinets et al, , 2002Sorokin et al, 2001;Molchanov et al, 2004). Characteristic variations in the critical frequency foF2 (Silina et al, 2001), the total electron content (Liu et al, 2004), the ion temperature (Sharma et al, 2006) or the local ion and electron density (Parrot et al, 2006) were found.…”

Section: Models Of Seismic Precursory Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionospheric conductivity effects on electrostatic field penetration into the ionosphere

Денисенко

Boudjada

Horn

et al. 2008

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The classic approach to calculate the electrostatic field penetration, from the Earth's surface into the ionosphere, is to consider the following equation ∇· σ ·∇ =0 whereσ and are the electric conductivity and the potential of the electric field, respectively. The penetration characteristics strongly depend on the conductivities of atmosphere and ionosphere. To estimate the electrostatic field penetration up to the orbital height of DEMETER satellite (about 700 km) the role of the ionosphere must be analyzed. It is done with help of a special upper boundary condition for the atmospheric electric field. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the ionospheric conductivity on the electrostatic field penetration from the Earth's surface into the ionosphere.We show that the magnitude of the ionospheric electric field penetrated from the ground is inverse proportional to the value of the ionospheric Pedersen conductance. So its typical value in day-time is about hundred times less than in night-time.

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Section: Models Of Seismic Precursory Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionospheric conductivity effects on electrostatic field penetration into the ionosphere

Денисенко

Boudjada

Horn

et al. 2008

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Injection of charges into the lower atmosphere has been widely discussed in connection with ionospheric perturbations. The source of the charges is generally assumed to radon released prior to earthquakes (Liperovsky et al, 2000;Ondoh, 2003;Pulinets and Boyarchuk, 2004;Pulinets et al, 1997;Sorokin et al, 2001), but the stress-activation of pholes at depth and their appearance at the Earth's surface offers a much broader interpretation. It removes the uncertainty that, while changes in radon emission are quite often observed, they are not a nhess-2007-0044-fig2 Fig.…”

Section: Air Ionization Corona Discharges Atmospheric Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This latent heat effect has been hypothesized at the cause of the "Thermal Anomalies" in the context of the postulated radon release from the ground (Dey and Singh, 2003). The airborne positive ions are implicated in physiological reactions in animals and humans and may provide a gateway to understand the often reported, but highly controversial abnormal animal behavior before major earthquakes (Ikeya, 2004;Kirschvink, 1992;Tributsch, 1984).…”

Section: Air Ionization Corona Discharges Atmospheric Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-earthquake signals – Part II: Flow of battery currents in the crust

Freund

2007

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. When rocks are subjected to stress, dormant electronic charge carriers are activated. They turn the stressed rock volume into a battery, from where currents can flow out. The charge carriers are electrons and defect electrons, also known as positive holes or pholes for short. The boundary between stressed and unstressed rock acts as a potential barrier that lets pholes pass but blocks electrons. One can distinguish two situations in the Earth's crust: (i) only pholes spread out of a stressed rock volume into the surrounding unstressed rocks. This is expected to lead to a positive surface charge over a wide area around the future epicenter, to perturbations in the ionosphere, to stimulated infrared emission from the ground, to ionization of the near-ground air, to cloud formation and to other phenomena that have been reported to precede major earthquakes. (ii) both pholes and electrons flow out of the stressed rock volume along different paths, sideward into the relatively cool upper layers of the crust and downward into the hot lower crust. This situation, which is likely to be realized late in the earthquake preparation process, is necessary for the battery circuit to close and for transient electric currents to flow. If burst-like, these currents should lead to the emission of low frequency electromagnetic radiation. Understanding how electronic charge carriers are stress-activated in rocks, how they spread or flow probably holds the key to deciphering a wide range of pre-earthquake signals. It opens the door to a global earthquake early warning system, provided resources are pooled through a concerted and constructive community effort, including seismologists, with international participation.

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“…There have been opposite views about if the electric fields excited by earthquake can penetrate into the ionosphere. Some has concluded that electromagnetic waves can penetrate into the ionosphere (Kim et al, 1994;Pulinets et al, 2000;Sorokin et al, 2001Sorokin et al, , 2007, but the others hold opposite views, that the electromagnetic energy released by earthquakes is too weak to be observed at satellite altitudes (Densisenko et al, 2008;Ampferer et al, 2010). Therefore, based on the current detection ability of satellites, the minimum electric field at the bottom of the ionosphere is also calculated by our new model in this study.…”

Section: S F Zhao Et Al: the Numerical Simulation On Ionospheric Pmentioning

confidence: 79%

The numerical simulation on ionospheric perturbations in electric field before large earthquakes

et al. 2014

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Abstract.Many observational results have shown electromagnetic abnormality in the ionosphere before large earthquakes. The theoretical simulation can help us to understand the internal mechanism of these anomalous electromagnetic signals resulted from seismic regions. In this paper, the horizontal and vertical components of electric and magnetic field at the topside ionosphere are simulated by using the full wave method that is based on an improved transfer matrix method in the lossy anisotropic horizontally stratified ionosphere. Taken account into two earthquakes with electric field perturbations recorded by the DEMETER satellite, the numerical results reveal that the propagation and penetration of ULF (ultra-low-frequency) electromagnetic waves into the ionosphere is related to the spatial distribution of electron and ion densities at different time and locations, in which the ion density has less effect than electron density on the field intensity. Compared with different frequency signals, the minimum values of electric and magnetic field excited by earthquakes can be detected by satellite in current detection capability have also been calculated, and the lower frequency wave can be detected easier.

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Electrodynamic model of the lower atmosphere and the ionosphere coupling

Cited by 118 publications

References 17 publications

Ionospheric conductivity effects on electrostatic field penetration into the ionosphere

Ionospheric conductivity effects on electrostatic field penetration into the ionosphere

Pre-earthquake signals – Part II: Flow of battery currents in the crust

The numerical simulation on ionospheric perturbations in electric field before large earthquakes

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