Electrodilatometric analysis under applied force: A powerful tool for electrode investigation

A Practical Guide for Using Electrochemical Dilatometry as Operando Tool in Battery and Supercapacitor Research

“…Most ECD studies on batteries have been done on LIBs. Different cathode materials (layered oxides, [9b,10] graphite [anion intercalation], [8c,8f] as well as anode materials [graphite, [8e,8j,9a,11] transition metal oxides, [8h,12] alloy‐based materials] [ 13 ] ) have been investigated with this method. In addition, many studies were done on silicon‐based materials [8a,8m,8n,9e,9n,14] as their large volume expansion is a known issue.…”

“…Different cathode materials (layered oxides, [9b,10] graphite [anion intercalation], [8c,8f] as well as anode materials [graphite, [8e,8j,9a,11] transition metal oxides, [8h,12] alloy‐based materials] [ 13 ] ) have been investigated with this method. In addition, many studies were done on silicon‐based materials [8a,8m,8n,9e,9n,14] as their large volume expansion is a known issue. Different methods to reduce this volume change were therefore explored, including different binder materials, [8m,14a,14g,14j,15] covering the electrodes with a thin film, [14b,14c] choosing different slurry pH values for the preparation, [14e] using different conductive additives, [14f] combining silicon with other elements, [8n,14p] and fabricating specialized nanostructures [14l] .…”

“…Different methods to reduce this volume change were therefore explored, including different binder materials, [8m,14a,14g,14j,15] covering the electrodes with a thin film, [14b,14c] choosing different slurry pH values for the preparation, [14e] using different conductive additives, [14f] combining silicon with other elements, [8n,14p] and fabricating specialized nanostructures [14l] . Different full‐cell configurations (graphite/ lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides [NMC], [8e,9g,9l,16] graphite/ lithium cobalt oxide [LCO], [9c,9d,9j,9k,17] graphite/ LiMn 2 O 4 , [17b] lithium–titanate–oxide/NMC, [ 18 ] silicon–graphene/NMC, [9h] graphite‐blended Si/LCO, [9k] graphite‐blended Si/C/LCO, [9n] and graphite‐blended SiN(P)/NMC [9m] ) have been also studied using ECD.…”

“…Data from refs. [8a,8c,8e,8f,8h,8j,8m,8n,9c,10‐14,14j,14l‐r,15,20a‐d,20f‐k,22] (assignment of the different references to the materials can be found in Table S1 and S2, Supporting Information).…”

“…Type 2 setups are used to determine the thickness change of a whole electrochemical cell. The signal therefore includes changes of both electrodes and other cell components and provides information on more applied aspects of batteries [8e,9] . Mostly pouch cells are used for this purpose.…”