Abstract:In the hydrometallurgical recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries, a lithium sulphate solution (Li2SO4) can be obtained as a by-product. Electrodialysis (ED) was employed in this study to split Li2SO4 into lithium hydroxide (LiOH) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solutions, which can be reused in the recycling process to create a closed-loop process. A three-compartment ED cell with a dilute channel filled with a Li2SO4 solution and two concentrate channels separately filled with LiOH and H2SO4 solutions was develop… Show more
“…The behavior of ED can be investigated by either experimental works or mathematical models. In contrast with experimental studies, 17,18 mathematical models aim to investigate the ED's behavior by involving the formulation of equations derived from fundamental principles of ED, i.e., mass conservation, ion and water transport mechanisms, and the electroneutrality condition. Depending on the purpose of the mathematical model, whether to offer a simplistic representation with minimal input or provide predictions with high fidelity, the resulting formulation could involve different forms of equations, which can be solved through either analytical or numerical methods.…”
As a part of the recycling process of spent lithium-ion batteries, electrodialysis (ED) is used to extract lithium hydroxide and sulfuric acid from the lithium sulphate solution. This study reports on a multicomponent, 2-dimensional ED model based on simultaneously solving the Nernst-Planck equation, Navier–Stokes equations, species conservation with electrochemical reactions, and electro-osmotic water flow equations using computational fluid dynamics technique. To satisfy the electroneutrality assumption in the ED device, the fluxes of H+ and OH− ions produced from electrochemical reactions are estimated. The distributions of velocity, potential, and species’ concentrations are determined. A close agreement between the present model and experimental data shows the accuracy and validity of this work. The influence of transmembrane water flow is investigated. It is revealed that although the water molecules transferring from dilute to concentrate compartments reduce the concentration of concentrate channels, the generated ionic convection flux reversely affects this quantity. A parametric study is carried out to study the effects of operation conditions and membrane properties. It is found that 37% growth of dilute channel concentration is observed when inlet velocity increases from 50 to 100 μm·s−1. The enhancement of the water volume fraction of membranes also reduces the transmembrane water flow rate.
“…The behavior of ED can be investigated by either experimental works or mathematical models. In contrast with experimental studies, 17,18 mathematical models aim to investigate the ED's behavior by involving the formulation of equations derived from fundamental principles of ED, i.e., mass conservation, ion and water transport mechanisms, and the electroneutrality condition. Depending on the purpose of the mathematical model, whether to offer a simplistic representation with minimal input or provide predictions with high fidelity, the resulting formulation could involve different forms of equations, which can be solved through either analytical or numerical methods.…”
As a part of the recycling process of spent lithium-ion batteries, electrodialysis (ED) is used to extract lithium hydroxide and sulfuric acid from the lithium sulphate solution. This study reports on a multicomponent, 2-dimensional ED model based on simultaneously solving the Nernst-Planck equation, Navier–Stokes equations, species conservation with electrochemical reactions, and electro-osmotic water flow equations using computational fluid dynamics technique. To satisfy the electroneutrality assumption in the ED device, the fluxes of H+ and OH− ions produced from electrochemical reactions are estimated. The distributions of velocity, potential, and species’ concentrations are determined. A close agreement between the present model and experimental data shows the accuracy and validity of this work. The influence of transmembrane water flow is investigated. It is revealed that although the water molecules transferring from dilute to concentrate compartments reduce the concentration of concentrate channels, the generated ionic convection flux reversely affects this quantity. A parametric study is carried out to study the effects of operation conditions and membrane properties. It is found that 37% growth of dilute channel concentration is observed when inlet velocity increases from 50 to 100 μm·s−1. The enhancement of the water volume fraction of membranes also reduces the transmembrane water flow rate.
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