Electrodiagnostic changes of the lower limbs in subjects with chronic complete cervical spinal cord injury

Kirshblum, Steven; Lim, Steven; Garstang, Susan V.; Millis, Scott R.

doi:10.1053/apmr.2001.22348

Cited by 71 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…[27][28][29][30][31] Furthermore, electrophysiological recordings have the advantage that they can be performed on comatose or otherwise unresponsive subjects. EMG recordings are useful in the assessment of function, both in response to voluntary effort or when combined with electrical or magnetic stimulation of peripheral nerves (reflexes) or motor cortex (ie MEP).…”

Section: Electrophysiological Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the conduct of clinical trials for spinal cord injury (SCI) as developed by the ICCP panel: clinical trial outcome measures

et al. 2006

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Section: Electrophysiological Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the conduct of clinical trials for spinal cord injury (SCI) as developed by the ICCP panel: clinical trial outcome measures

et al. 2006

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“…While electrophysiological testing has been performed in SCI for predicting injury [74][75][82][83][84][85], examining the nature of neurological injury [71][72][86][87][88][89][90][91][92], monitoring the integrity of spinal conduction [77,[93][94], and assessing for concomitant or secondary neurological conditions [95][96][97][98][99], its role as a method of evaluating the impact of various interventions [65][66][81][82][100][101][102][103][104][105][106] is the concern of this article.…”

Section: Electrodiagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of upper limb in tetraplegia: Considerations in evaluation and outcomes research

Mulcahey¹,

Hutchinson²,

Kozin³

2007

JRRD

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Abstract-This article briefly discusses several measurement tools for evaluating the upper limb of persons with tetraplegia. Muscle strength testing and electrodiagnostics are discussed as they relate to technique and usefulness for clinical trials. Standardized measures of hand function are reviewed; their limitations for clinical trials during acute spinal cord injury (SCI) care are acknowledged and their strengths for interventional studies and clinical trials during chronic phases of SCI care are defined. Recommendations are set forth for incorporating the International Classification for Surgery of the Hand in Tetraplegia motor and sensory examinations as adjuncts to the International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI motor and sensory examinations and for further developing electrodiagnostic techniques as measurement tools for acute clinical trials. The Grasp and Release Test is described and recommended for clinical trials involving persons in the chronic stages of SCI. Lastly, we note that much work remains in the development, validation, and clinical deployment of an assessment of upper-limb function in SCI.

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“…Independent from the cervical level of lesion, the zone of spinal injury may extend several segments beyond the primary motor neurologic level (22). Clinically, subjects in our investigation had little to no volitional motor function caudal to the C5 segment and variable motor preservation within the C5 segment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Scapular Stabilization in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury

Pahys

Mulcahey

Hutchinson

et al. 2009

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine

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Background: Severe scapular instability can be a considerable problem for people with high-level cervical spinal cord injury. Scapular instability reduces the effectiveness of the already weakened shoulder flexors and abductors, thereby limiting hand-to-mouth and hand-to-head activities. The winged scapula may cause inferior pole skin breakdown, as well as neck and shoulder pain. Objective: To report the efficacy of a fusionless scapular stabilization procedure as a means to enhance function in a consecutive group of patients with high-level cervical spinal cord injury. Methods: Four people with spinal cord injury at C4-C5 (2 male, 2 female; mean age 5 17.3 years, range 5 14-20 years) underwent scapular stabilization via scapulothoracic fusion (N 5 2) or by tethering the scapula to the rib cage with Mersilene tape as a fusionless stabilization (N 5 2). One patient died of unrelated causes 18 months after surgery, and the remaining 3 were followed for 26, 39, and 41 months, respectively. Data collection included radiographic analysis, active range of motion measures, and functional assessment. Results: Active shoulder flexion and abduction remained unchanged in 2 patients, but functional scores improved with regard to feeding and grooming capability. All patients reported satisfaction with postoperative appearance, and 3 patients reported considerable reduction in shoulder pain after surgery. Radiographs demonstrated maintenance of stable scapular alignment in all patients at final follow up. Wound breakdown, requiring removal of instrumentation, occurred in 2 patients. Conclusion: Scapular stabilization with or without fusion is a viable option to improve appearance, pain, and upper extremity function in people with high-level tetraplegia and scapular instability.

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Electrodiagnostic changes of the lower limbs in subjects with chronic complete cervical spinal cord injury

Cited by 71 publications

References 10 publications

Guidelines for the conduct of clinical trials for spinal cord injury (SCI) as developed by the ICCP panel: clinical trial outcome measures

Guidelines for the conduct of clinical trials for spinal cord injury (SCI) as developed by the ICCP panel: clinical trial outcome measures

Assessment of upper limb in tetraplegia: Considerations in evaluation and outcomes research

Scapular Stabilization in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury

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