Electrodeposition of Zn–Zr Oxide Composite from Dispersed-Particle-Free Solution

Nakano, Hiroaki; Hara, Yukari; Oue, Satoshi; Kobayashi, Shígeo

doi:10.2320/matertrans.m2016084

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…27) The pH titration curves of the ZnZr and ZnV solutions have been investigated and it was reported that the Zr 4+ ions are hydrolyzed at low pH. 19,20,22,23) That is, ZrO 2 •H 2 O is more readily formed than V 2 O 4 at the cathode layer during deposition. Nevertheless, the current efficiency for Zn deposition was lower in the presence of VO 2+ (Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Peg Addition On the Deposition Behavior Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Al 3+ , Zr 4+ , and VO 2+ ions, which hydrolyze at low pH, can be added into a Zn electrolyte solution, and their metal oxides co-deposit with Zn. 1826) However, Al 3+ and Zr 4+ ions rarely co-deposit with Zn as an oxide, 20,23,24) whereas VO 2+ ions co-deposit with Zn as an oxide, but the dispersion of fine particles in the deposited Zn is nonuniform. 18,19,21,22) Therefore, in this study, Zr 4+ and VO 2+ ions were added into Zn electrolyte solution, wherein PEG was used as an additive to promote the hydrolysis reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Polyethylene Glycol on Electrodeposition of Zn Active Metal Oxide Composites from a Particle-Free Solution

et al. 2020

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Electrodeposition of ZnZr and ZnV oxide composites was performed under galvanostatic conditions at 313 K on unagitated pH 2 sulfate solutions containing Zn 2+ and Zr 4+ or VO 2+ ions and an additive such as polyethylene glycol (PEG). The effects of PEG addition on the codeposition of Zr and V oxides and their polarization behavior, and on the microstructure of the deposits, were investigated. Although the Zr content in the deposits obtained from the ZnZr solution in the absence of PEG was approximately zero, it increased significantly at a current density of above 1000 A•m ¹2 following the addition of PEG. In the ZnV solution, the V content in the deposits obtained from 100 to 2000 A•m ¹2 was higher with PEG than without it. In the presence of PEG, the cathode potential polarized, the rate of hydrogen evolution increased, and the hydrolysis reaction of Zr 4+ and VO 2+ ions proceeded smoothly, resulting in an increase in the Zr and V content in the deposits. Additionally, the crystal platelets of Zn in the ZnZr and the ZnV oxide films became fine, and the surface coverage of the spongiform Zr and film-like V oxides increased. Furthermore, the corrosion current densities of the ZnZr and ZnV oxide films obtained from the solution with PEG were lower than those from the solution without it. The reduction rate of dissolved oxygen decreased in the films in the presence of PEG, thereby leading to a decrease in the corrosion current density.

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Section: Effect Of Peg Addition On the Deposition Behavior Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Polyethylene Glycol on Electrodeposition of Zn Active Metal Oxide Composites from a Particle-Free Solution

et al. 2020

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“…18,19) Therefore, when metal ions (M n + ) that hydrolyze at low pHs are added to electrolyte solutions as a second element, they turn into solid hydroxides or oxides via a hydrolysis reaction (M n + +nH 2 O→M(OH) n + nH + ) and codeposit with the deposited Zn films. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Thus, the hydrolysis reaction during electrodeposition facilitates composite electrodeposition, without the need for the addition of insoluble solid particles into the electrolyte.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Zn films with Zr hydroxide or oxide dispersed uniformly on the surface were not obtained. [25][26][27][28][29][30] This was attributed to the hydrolysis reaction of ZrO 2 + ions (ZrO 2 + + 3H 2 O → Zr(OH) 4 + 2H + or ZrO 2 + + H 2 O → ZrO 2 + 2H + ) proceeding partially on the Zn surface under electrolysis at a constant current density. If the hydrolysis reaction of ZrO 2 + ions occurs at the site of the hydrogen evolution reaction, the hydrolysis reaction of ZrO 2 + ions should proceed uniformly when the hydrogen evolution reaction occurs uniformly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro Structure and Corrosion Resistance of Zn Composites Films Produced by Pulse Electrolysis from a Insoluble Particle-free Solution Containing Zr Ions

Toyokuni,

Oue,

Taninouchi

et al. 2023

ISIJ Int.

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The electrodeposition of an Zn-Zr compound composite is performed under pulsed and double-pulsed current conditions at 313 K in unagitated pH 2 sulfate solutions containing Zn 2 + and ZrO 2 + ions and polyethylene glycol. Under constant-current electrolysis at 5 000 A•m − 2 , coarse granular partial deposits containing Zr compounds are observed. Under pulse electrolysis, such coarse deposits are observed rarely; however, both deposited films containing Zr compounds and exfoliated films are observed. On the contrary, in double-pulse electrolysis at high (5 000 A•m − 2 ) and low (500 A•m − 2 ) current densities, coarse deposits are not observed while fine-particle deposits containing Zr compounds are observed. In doublepulse electrolysis at low current densities, the rate of hydrogen evolution decreases and Zn is deposited without the codeposition of Zr compounds; therefore, the continuous hydrogen evolution is suspended in some areas. That is, the area of hydrogen evolution appears to be random. Although Zr compounds are usually concentrated at the upper regions of the deposited films, regardless of the electrolysis method, it is found to have been codeposited even in the inner regions under double-pulse electrolysis. The corrosion current density in 3 mass% NaCl solution is the smallest for the films produced by double-pulse electrolysis, when comparing with the films obtained by pulse electrolysis and constant-current electrolysis. This can be attributed to the suppression of the reduction reaction of dissolved oxygen.

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“…1723) The results of these studies show that Al 3+ and Zr 4+ ions rarely codeposit with deposited Zn as their hydroxides and oxides. 19,22,23) In this study, Zr 4+ ions were added into electrolyte, and the effect of additives to raise pH at cathode layer during Zn deposition was investigated to accelerate the hydrolysis reaction of Zr 4+ ions. Nitrate ions (NO 3 ¹ ) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were selected as additives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Additives on the Electrodeposition of a Zn–Zr Oxide Composite from Dispersed Particle-Free Solution

et al. 2019

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Electrodeposition of a ZnZr oxide composite was performed under galvanostatic conditions from an unagitated sulfate solution containing Zn 2+ and Zr ions, as well as additives, such as NO 3 ¹ ions and polyethylene glycol (PEG), at pH 2 and 313 K. The effect of these additives on the codeposition of Zr oxide and its polarization behavior, as well as the microstructure of the deposits, was investigated. The Zr content in the deposits obtained at varying current densities increased significantly with the addition of 2.0 g•dm ¹3 of NaNO 3 . ZnZr oxide films deposited from the NaNO 3 -containing solution showed a massive structure composed of fine crystals without crystalline Zn platelets, although large cracks were observed between the large crystals. EDX analysis revealed that Zr codeposited on the massive crystals as a fine concave-convex oxide. The corrosion current density of the ZnZr oxide films deposited from the NaNO 3 -containing solution was almost the same as that of pure Zn deposits, showing that there is no improvement in corrosion resistance when Zn is codeposited with Zr oxide. Moreover, Zr content in the deposits obtained from the PEG-containing solution increased significantly along with increasing current density above 1000 A•m ¹2 . With the addition of 1000 mg•dm ¹3 of PEG, the crystalline Zn platelets disappeared, and the deposits were instead composed of fine mesh-like crystals with a preferred orientation of the f10 10gZn plane, resulting in a smooth surface. The cathodic current density for the reduction of dissolved oxygen on the ZnZr oxide films deposited from the PEG-containing solution was smaller than that of the pure Zn deposits, and as a result, the corrosion current density of the ZnZr oxide films was smaller than that of the pure Zn deposits. The increase in Zr content in the deposits with NO 3 ¹ ions and PEG is attributed to the acceleration of the hydrolysis of Zr ions.

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Electrodeposition of Zn–Zr Oxide Composite from Dispersed-Particle-Free Solution

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of Polyethylene Glycol on Electrodeposition of Zn Active Metal Oxide Composites from a Particle-Free Solution

Effect of Polyethylene Glycol on Electrodeposition of Zn Active Metal Oxide Composites from a Particle-Free Solution

Micro Structure and Corrosion Resistance of Zn Composites Films Produced by Pulse Electrolysis from a Insoluble Particle-free Solution Containing Zr Ions

The Effects of Additives on the Electrodeposition of a Zn–Zr Oxide Composite from Dispersed Particle-Free Solution

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