Electrodeposition of Tin-Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite from Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Choline Chloride and Ethylene Glycol

Abstract

Some experimental results regarding the direct electrodeposition of tin-reduced graphene oxide composite (Sn-rGO) compared to the electrodeposition of tin metal (Sn) from a deep eutectic solvent (DES), namely using choline chloride-ethylene glycol eutectic mixtures, are presented. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that GO is also reduced during the tin electrodeposition. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the presence of incorporated graphene related material in the composite film. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the presence of rGO in the deposit diminished preferred orientation of Sn growth along the planes (101), (211), (301), and (112). The analysis of current-time transients involving Scharifker & Hills model has shown that Sn-rGO composite deposition process corresponds to a nucleation and tridimensional growth controlled by diffusion, with nucleation evolving from progressive to instantaneous upon increasing the overpotential. Diffusion coefficients at 25 °C of 9.4 × 10−7 cm2 s−1 for Sn(II) species in the absence and of 14.1 × 10−7 cm2 s−1 in the presence of GO, were determined. The corrosion performance has been assessed through the analysis of the recorded potentiodynamic polarization curves and of the electrochemical impedance spectra during continuous immersion in aerated 0.5 M NaCl aqueous solution at 25 °C for 144 h. A slight improvement of the corrosion performance in the case of the Sn-rGO composite coatings was noticed, as compared to pure Sn ones. Furthermore, the solderability performance has been evaluated. The solder joints showed a proper adhesion to the substrate with no fractures, and wetting angles around 44° have been determined, suggesting adequate solderability characteristics.

Enhanced Electrochemical Properties of Cobalt by Varying the Ethylene Glycol - Choline Chloride Composition in a Deep Eutectic Solvent Mixture

“…1 depending on the composition of the solvent system. This characteristic peak shape has been reported for Co based solutions 29,30,48,50 and other metals 33,51 as the result of metal dissolution from the electrodeposit into the solution. However, to ensure that the oxidation of Co 2+ in solution to Co 3+ is not also present in this anodic process, CVs were conducted by scanning the potential in the positive potential sweep direction (Fig.…”

Carbon Nanomaterial Fluorescent Probes and Their Biological Applications

“…Nanoparticle deposition has also been extensively explored as a method of non-covalent functionalization. Various groups have deposited gold, − palladium, − platinum, − cobalt, − silicon, tin, − and various metal oxides ,,, on graphene and its derivatives. These nanohybrid assemblies are understood to be stabilized by van der Waals interactions between ligand-capped metal nanoparticles and graphene, or through direct electrostatic interactions between ligand-free metals and graphene .…”

Using Deep Eutectic Solvent-Assisted Plating Baths to Electrodeposit Composite Coatings: A Review

“…The electrodeposition of composite coatings comprising a tin matrix with embedded reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was investigated, utilizing a deep eutectic solvent as the plating solution [54]. The electrodeposition was carried out from an ethaline-based solution, containing 0.7 M SnCl 2 •2H 2 O with and without 20 mg L −1 rGO, at a temperature of 70 • C under constant magnetic stirring.…”