Electrodeposition of tin oxide thin film from nitric acid solution: the role of pH

Electrodeposition in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Critical Review, New Insights, and Promising Paths to Future Industrial Applications

“…A rapid and significant increase in current is observed within a few milliseconds during the initial reaction stage, indicating the formation of a PbO 2 monolayer. This phenomenon aligns with previous findings in the literature, [ 37–39 ] which suggest the complete coverage of the substrate by PbO 2 . The subsequent decrease in current is attributed to the diffusion of electroactive species toward the newly formed electrode surface, [ 37–39 ] eventually leading to a plateau.…”

A comparison between growth of direct and pulse current electrodeposited crystalline SnO2 films; electrochemical properties for application in lithium-ion batteries

“…6. As seen, all the MS responses show positive slopes which reveals n-type semiconducting behavior of the electrodeposited films; the donor density (N D ) (that represents the oxygen vacancy concentration in the microstructure of SnO 2 films [11,28]) for the respective films could be obtained from the slope of MS curves ( 1 (1) where C sc is the space charge layer capacitance (F cm −2 ), is dielectric constant of SnO 2 (which may take the value of 10 as has been reported previously [29]), 0 is the permittivity of free space (8.854 × 10 -12 F m −1 ), e is the electron charge (1.6022 × 10 -19 C), V is the applied potential (V vs Ag/AgCl), V FB is the flat band potential (V vs Ag/AgCl), k B is Boltzmann constant (1.3806 × 10 -23 m 2 kg s −2 /K −1 ) and T is temperature (K) [11,21]. The estimated donor densities attributed to the synthesized films are presented in Table 1.…”

“…Moreover, more defective films will be electrodeposited (N D increases) as the applied current density increases in both DC and PC electrodeposition methods. In fact, such experimental conditions (application of high applied current density) favors hydrogen reduction at the cathode surface which in turn would cause formation of more defective films by enhancing oxygen vacancy creation during oxide films formation [11] Figure 7 represents CV responses of the films that were deposited at various applied current density values in DC and PC electrodeposition modes. As seen, two pairs of redox peaks are appeared in all the CV curves in a way that the first redox peaks (I and II) and second redox peaks (III and IV) demonstrate the reduction-oxidation of SnO 2 and alloying-dealloying of SnO 2 with Li, respectively [30].…”

“…Many deposition methods have been used to produce SnO 2 electrodes [5][6][7][8][9], among which electrodeposition technique would be regarded as an economical and simple method for the production of such metal oxide material [10][11][12][13]. Up to now, direct current (DC) electrodeposition technique has been employed as the most popular electrochemical technique for synthesis of SnO 2 films [10,11,13,14] in which it has been shown that the electrochemical properties of electrodeposited SnO 2 films can be modified by controlling electrodeposition parameters. For instance, the highest diffusion rate of Li + was obtained for highly porous ones that were synthesized by higher applied potential in the course of potentiodynamic electrodeposition of SnO 2 films [14].…”

Electro Synthesis and Characterization of PANI and PANI/ZnO Composites Films

“…The Mott-Shottky analysis was benefits to access at the electrical characteristics of semiconductors like conductivity type, carrier's concentrations and flat band potential. This technique was based to study the comportment of semiconductor/ electrolyte junction under application of bias potential and the measuring the variation of the capacitance as a function of applied potential across the space charge layer according to the Mott Schottky equation for n type semiconductor [32,33].…”