“…18 Recently, various approaches have been developed to improve catalytic materials to enhance the electron transfer reaction at low potential. This includes Schiff base complex, 19 metal alloys/ metal nanoparticles, 3,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] nanocomposites, [27][28][29] polymers, 30 biomolecules, 11 and metal oxides. 31 Among all these catalysts, the metal oxides and their nanocomposites came into spotlight owing to their low band gap, non-toxicity, cost-effectiveness, high chemical stability, easy availability, and good electrical conductivity.…”