Electrodeposition of plutonium and americium for high resolution .alpha. spectrometry

Kressin, Ivan K.

doi:10.1021/ac50014a044

Cited by 86 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For the Pu analysis, ϳ10 g of dry sediment was spiked with 242 Pu and leached for 7 h in hot HNO 3 (ϳ15 M). Pu was separated by anion-exchange chromatography (Anderson and Fleer 1982) and electrodeposited on stainless steel disks (Kressin 1977) for alpha spectrometry.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling detailed sedimentary 210Pb and fallout 239,240Pu profiles to allow episodic events: An application in Chesapeake Bay

Nie

Suayah

Benninger

et al. 2001

Limnology & Oceanography

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Dependable sediment chronologies are essential to the interpretation of the sedimentary record of past environmental change. In the present article, we use high-resolution chemical and radiochemical data as the basis for a numerical simulation of sediment accumulation, bioturbation, and episodic deposition or erosion in a dynamic estuary. We simulate episodic events by employing a time dependent sedimentation rate that we solve by finding a set of model parameters that describes depth profiles of both excess 210 Pb and fallout 239,240 Pu. We apply the model to depth distributions of these tracer nuclides in cores from upper-, mid-and lower-Bay sites in Chesapeake Bay. At the upper-Bay site, combining chemical and radiochemical data permits us to recognize and to quantify the sediment deposition due to tropical storm Agnes (1972). At the lower-Bay site, we demonstrate nonsteady sedimentation and propose plausible scenarios to account for it. Given adequate data, our model can provide information that is not available from steady-state models.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling detailed sedimentary 210Pb and fallout 239,240Pu profiles to allow episodic events: An application in Chesapeake Bay

Nie

Suayah

Benninger

et al. 2001

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Plutonium in an aliquot of the solution was separated by ion exchange chromatography and electroplated (Kr77). The overall recovery (76+ 1%) was determined from a 23aPu spike added to the solution aliquot.…”

Section: Aerosol Generation Characterization and Sample Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, Retention and Dosimetry of Plutonium and Americium in the Rat, Dog and Monkey After Inhalation of an Industrial-mixed Uranium and Plutonium Oxide Aerosol

Ja¹,

Af²,

Ja³

1982

Health Physics

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This study provides information on patterns of radiation dose in laboratory animals after inhalation exposure to an aerosol of one form of mixed uranium and plutonium oxide. The aerosol contained a mixture of UO2 and 750 degrees C heat-treated PuO2 obtained from the ball milling operation in a mixed-oxide fuel fabrication process. Americium-241 from the decay of 241Pu was also present in the PuO2 matrix. Fischer-344 rats, Beagle dogs, and Cynomolgus and Rhesus monkeys inhaled aerosols re-generated from dry mixed oxide powders with particle size distribution characteristics similar to those observed in samples collected at the industrial site. Clearance from the lung and distribution in other tissues of the plutonium from this UO2 + PuO2 admixture was similar to what has been observed for PuO2 from laboratory-produced aerosols. The UO2-PuO2 aerosol was relatively insoluble in the lungs of all species. Monkeys and rats cleared plutonium and americium from their lungs faster than dogs. Very little plutonium or americium translocated within the first 2 yr after exposure to tissues other than tracheobronchial lymph nodes. The greater accumulation of plutonium and americium in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes of dogs as compared to monkeys and rats combined with the more rapid initial clearance of these radionuclides from the lungs of rats and monkeys suggests that errors could result from using data from a single animal species to estimate risk to humans from inhalation of these industrial aerosols.

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“…Actinides are very sensitive to hydrolysis reactions thus require low pH (3.0 to 4.5) values and complexing agents (SO4 2-…) to stabilize actinide cations in solution. Electrolyte solutions in the pH range of 1.5 to 4.5 are generally used to perform actinide precipitation [4], [5], [6], [7]. In fact at very high current densities of several hundred mA/cm 2 , it becomes possible to heat and even to evaporate the electrolytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the efficiency of diamond based α-sensors for spectrometry in aqueous solutions

Trần¹,

Sanoit²,

Pomorski³

et al. 2013

2013 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and Their Applications (ANIMM

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Alpha particles detection in liquid media remains challenging since alpha particles are self-absorbed by a few micrometers of liquid. Conventional techniques consist of electrodepositing alpha emitter species on a surface and counting alpha particles using e.g. a silicon device. We have presented a novel approach associating a boron doped nanocrystalline diamond film to a silicon PIN diode alpha sensor. In our devices, actinides collection is performed using a novel method based on electroprecipitation that can be carried out in the solution itself via the use of a doped diamond electrode. The device enables to directly probe both alpha activity as well as energy in liquid solutions. This work demonstrated that the detection of alpha particles is made feasible directly in liquid media. Here we present recent progress addressing the optimization of the actinides electroprecipitation step on the diamond/silicon sensor. The approach is based on the fine tuning of the pH of the electrolyte, the nature of the supporting electrolytes Na2SO4 and NaNO3, the geome 1 try of the electrochemical cell, the current density value, the precipitation duration and the sensor area. The efficiency of the deposition was significantly improved with efficiency values reaching for example up to 81.5 % for the electroprecipitation of 5.96 Bq of 241 Am on the diamond/silicon sensor. The diamond/silicon sensor can be reused after measurement using fast decontamination at high yields ≥ 99 %: e.g. the deposited 241 Am electroprecipitated layer can be rapidly removed by applying an anodic current (+ 2 mA/cm 2 for 10 minutes) to the electrode in aqueous solution.The diamond/silicon sensor shows also very high spectroscopic stability after 30 cycles of sensing with precipitation/decontamination loops. This study demonstrated that alpha particles spectroscopy measurements could be practically performed, for the first time, in media composed of aqueous solutions after electrochemical deposition process, with detections limits reaching 0.24 Bq/L. We believe this can be of very high interest for alpha spectroscopy in liquids for trace detection.Index Terms-boron doped nanocrystalline diamond, alphaparticle spectroscopy in liquid media, actinides electroprecipitation

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Electrodeposition of plutonium and americium for high resolution .alpha. spectrometry

Cited by 86 publications

References 19 publications

Modeling detailed sedimentary 210Pb and fallout 239,240Pu profiles to allow episodic events: An application in Chesapeake Bay

Modeling detailed sedimentary 210Pb and fallout 239,240Pu profiles to allow episodic events: An application in Chesapeake Bay

Distribution, Retention and Dosimetry of Plutonium and Americium in the Rat, Dog and Monkey After Inhalation of an Industrial-mixed Uranium and Plutonium Oxide Aerosol

Optimization of the efficiency of diamond based α-sensors for spectrometry in aqueous solutions

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Electrodeposition of plutonium and americium for high resolution .alpha. spectrometry

Cited by 86 publications

References 19 publications

Modeling detailed sedimentary 210Pb and fallout 239,240Pu profiles to allow episodic events: An application in Chesapeake Bay

Modeling detailed sedimentary 210Pb and fallout 239,240Pu profiles to allow episodic events: An application in Chesapeake Bay

Distribution, Retention and Dosimetry of Plutonium and Americium in the Rat, Dog and Monkey After Inhalation of an Industrial-mixed Uranium and Plutonium Oxide Aerosol

Optimization of the efficiency of diamond based &#x03B1;-sensors for spectrometry in aqueous solutions

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Optimization of the efficiency of diamond based α-sensors for spectrometry in aqueous solutions