Electrodeposition of Lead from the Pyrophosphate Bath

Abstract

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Electrodeposition of Nickel-Cobalt Alloys from the Pyrophosphate Bath

“…However, variations in composition with current density, pH, and temperature have been reported by Fink and Lah (3), and Pletenew and Kusnezowa (15). Work done in this laboratory has shown a similar constancy of composition during the deposition of alloys of nickel with tin (16), iron (10), and zinc (17), and of iron with zinc (18) from pyrophosphate solutions.…”

“…Physicochemical measurements have shown that the metal ion concentration (g ion/l) and instability constant for the pyrophosphate complexes are of the order of 10 -9 for nickel (8) and 10-' for cobalt (11). Ammonium citrate was added as a bath constituent since it was beneficial from the view point of buffering of solution, limiting cathode current density, cathode efficiency, and deposit composition range Its concentration was based on previou~ studies on nickel (8) and cobalt (9) plating from the pyrophosphate bath.…”

“…The pyrophosphate content of the solution was always in excess of that required for complex formation, and the molar ratio of pyrophosphate (P~O7) to metal has been given. Physicochemical measurements have shown that the metal ion concentration (g ion/l) and instability constant for the pyrophosphate complexes are of the order of 10 -9 for nickel (8) and 10-' for cobalt (11). The nickel content was estimated by the dimethyl-glyoxime method in presence of sodium acetate, cobalt gravimetrically by precipitation as cobalt anthranilate, and pyrophosphate by the ammonium phosphomolybdate method.…”

“…Anode corrosion was, however, satisfactory with nickel-cobalt alloys of both compositions; they are solid solutions. Paper prepared for delivery before the Houston Meeting, Oct. [9][10][11][12][13]1960. Nickel wire wound over cobalt strips was employed as the anode by Brockman and Nowlen (7).…”

Novel phosphorus-doped lead oxide electrode for oxygen evolution reaction

“…The basic solution for the electrodeposition of P-PbO 2 on a lead substrate was prepared by adding lead nitrate to a sodium pyrophosphate solution, then a complex, Na 2 [Pb(P 2 O 7 )], was formed. 12 The interaction of the lead substrate with the deposition solution at the rst stage of electrodeposition is discussed in detail in part II of the ESI. † This initial stage was considered to be of great importance.…”