Electrodeposition of flower-like nickel oxide on CVD-grown graphene to develop an electrochemical non-enzymatic biosensor

Abstract

We demonstrated a non-enzymatic cholesterol sensor based on a nickel oxide (NiO) and high quality graphene composite for the first time. Graphene was grown by a chemical vapor deposition technique (CVD). The nanocomposite was fabricated through the electrodeposition of nickel hydroxide onto the surface of the CVD-grown graphene, which was followed by thermal annealing. The successful formation of the NiO/graphene composite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The deposition of flower-like NiO onto the graphene surface was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical analyses were conducted to investigate the characteristics of the sensor during the detection of cholesterol. The sensor showed a high sensitivity of 40.6 mA mM À1 cm À2 , a rapid response time of 5 s, and a low detection of limit of 0.13 mM. We also investigated the effects of common interfering substances on the ability of the sensor to detect cholesterol. Furthermore, we successfully determined the cholesterol in a milk sample using the developed sensor. The composite electrode exhibited excellent detection of cholesterol with good reproducibility and long-term stability owing to the combined effects of NiO and graphene.

Tuning the NiO Thin Film Morphology on Carbon Nanotubes by Atomic Layer Deposition for Enzyme‐Free Glucose Sensing

“…[31][32][33] For instance, some NiO/Ni composites with MWCNTs, carbon hollow spheres, graphene sheets, graphene disks or reduced graphene oxide have been designed and prepared via various methods for electrochemical applications showing improved electrocatalytic activities. [30,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] Although several methods, such as sputtering, thermal evaporation, ball-milling, wet impregnation, electrodeposition, and electroless deposition, have been used for coating Ni/NiO onto CNTs, the homogeneity and the precise control of the decoration of the substrates still remains challenging. Moreover, these traditional methods lack control over the size, layer thickness and distribution of NiO nanoparticles and thin layers.…”

Highly Dispersed NiO Nanoparticles Decorating graphene Nanosheets for Non-enzymatic Glucose Sensor and Biofuel Cell

“…Therefore, carbon nanomaterials, such as CNT19, activated carbon and graphene25, are usually designed to be the supports of these poor conductive material to enhance their conductivity and improve the effective contact area. For instance, graphene-cobalt oxide26 and nickel oxide on CVD-grown graphene27 have been used for non-enzymatic glucose sensor. Due to extraordinary electrical and physicochemical properties, graphene has become one of the most competitive additives employed to advance the functionality of Co, Ni-based compound.…”

Nanostructured Inorganic Materials at Work in Electrochemical Sensing and Biofuel Cells

“…Furthermore, nickel electrodes have been extensively explored as catalysts of organic compound oxidation, mostly in an alkaline medium. Inspired by this trend, several prototypes of Nibased materials have been explored as non-enzymatic electrodes for the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose [98][99][100][101][102][103][104]. All research unanimously admitted that the catalytically active component is a Ni(III) oxyhydroxide species, involved in the NiO(OH)/Ni(OH)2 redox couple.…”