Electrodeposition efficiency of Ni in the fabrication of highly ordered nanowire arrays: The roles of Cu pre-plating and barrier layer temperature

Ahmadzadeh, M.; Almasi-Kashi, Mohammad; Ramazani, A.; Montazer, A.H.

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.08.104

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…OPA has many nanoscale pores with a high regularity, and can be easily fabricated via a simple anodizing technique without any special equipment or technique such as photolithography, electron-beam lithography, and nanoimprinting (self-ordering). Therefore, it is widely used by many researchers as a template for novel and challenging nanodevices in the fields of electronic and optical applications [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. It is a well-known experimental fact that the periodic size of the OPA, which is called the -cell size‖ or -interpore distance‖, strongly depends on the applied potential difference (voltage) and electrolyte species used for anodizing in the aqueous solutions [2,5,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration for the Self-ordering of Porous Alumina Fabricated via Anodizing in Etidronic Acid

Takenaga

Kikuchi

Natsui

2016

Electrochimica Acta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ISE active member2 Highlights Etidronic acid anodizing caused self-ordering behaviors between 165 and 270 V.Large-scale pore arrays measuring 470 nm in diameter could be fabricated.Hexagonal phosphorus-free distribution was measured in the porous alumina.A truly honeycomb alumina structure consisting of hexagonal pores was formed. 3 Abstract Ordered porous alumina (OPA) with large-scale circular and hexagonal pores was fabricated via etidronic acid anodizing. High-purity aluminum plates were anodized in 0.2-4.2 M etidronic acid solution at 145-310 V and 288-323 K. Self-ordering of porous alumina was observed at 165 V and 313 K in 4.2 M, at 205 V and 303 K in 1.0 M, and at 260 V and 298 K in 0.2 M, and the cell diameter was measured to be 400-640 nm.The ordering potential difference decreased with the electrolyte concentration increasing. OPA without an intercrossing nanostructure could be fabricated on a nanostructured aluminum surface via two-step anodizing. Subsequent pore-widening in etidronic acid solution caused the circular dissolution of anodic oxide and the expansion of pore diameters to 470 nm. The shape of the pores was subsequently changed to a hexagon from a circle via long-term pore-widening, and a honeycomb structure with narrow alumina walls and hexagonal pores measuring 590 nm in its long-axis was formed in the porous alumina. Transition of the nanostructure configuration during pore-widening corresponded to differences in the incorporated phosphorus distribution originating from the etidronic acid anions.4

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration for the Self-ordering of Porous Alumina Fabricated via Anodizing in Etidronic Acid

Takenaga

Kikuchi

Natsui

2016

Electrochimica Acta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Herein, after obtaining the optimal conditions for the Cu pre-plating process using V t =12 V (corresponding to TH b =16 nm), it is necessary to optimize the thickness of alumina barrier layer for the subsequent growth of magnetic and metallic NWs. The reason for this is that the Cu preplating at the dendritic sections improves the conductivity which may influence the corresponding structural and chemical properties of the barrier layer [22,56]. To this end, we verified the EE and F p values of Ni by full filling of the AAO templates in the range 10 nm<TH b <21 nm, as described in the experimental section.…”

Section: Obtaining Optimal Barrier Layer Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This leads to the formation of nanopore arrays in AAO template with a length of approximately 16 μm, a diameter of 30 nm and an interpore distance of 105 nm [53,54]. To facilitate the PED process, the thickness of alumina barrier layer was first reduced by exponentially decreasing V t from 40 to 12 V as formulated in [56], thereby creating dendrites at the pores' bottom. In the electrochemical cell, the remaining Al of the AAO template and a roll of graphite were served as the working and counter electrodes, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary, in the case of high C m (0.9 M) at low J ed (50 mA cm −2 ) and low C m (0.1 M) at high J ed (150 mA cm −2 ), figure 2(b) shows slow and abrupt progression in the reduction potential when filling the dendrites in samples D and E, respectively. For the latter, the abrupt increase in the potential may be indicative of dielectric breakdown of the barrier layer due to the high applied J ed and low C m[23,56]. Using a non-steady state anodization, Sousa et al were able to precisely control the filling…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electrochemical pore filling strategy for controlled growth of magnetic and metallic nanowire arrays with large area uniformity

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While a variety of template-based strategies have been developed in the fabrication of nanowires (NWs), a uniform pore filling across the template still poses a major challenge. Here, we present a large area controlled pore filling strategy in the reproducible fabrication of various magnetic and metallic NW arrays, embedded inside anodic aluminum oxide templates. Using a diffusive pulsed electrodeposition (DPED) technique, this versatile strategy relies on the optimized filling of branched nanopores at the bottom of templates with Cu. Serving the Cu filled nanopores as appropriate nucleation sites, the DPED is followed by a uniform and homogeneous deposition of magnetic (Ni and Fe) and metallic (Cu and Zn) NWs at a current density of 50 mA cm for an optimal thickness of alumina barrier layer (∼18 nm). Our strategy provides large area uniformity (exceeding 400 μm) in the fabrication of 16 μm long free-standing NW arrays. Using hysteresis loop measurements and scanning electron microscopy images, the electrodeposition efficiency (EE) and pore filling percentage (F ) are evaluated, leading to maximum EE and F values of 91% and 95% for Ni and Zn, respectively. Moreover, the resulting NW arrays are found to be highly crystalline. Accordingly, the DPED technique is capable of cheaply and efficiently controlling NW growth over a large area, providing a tool for various nanoscale applications including biomedical devices, electronics, photonics, magnetic storage medium and nanomagnet computing.

show abstract

“…The alternative to expensive and elaborate methods currently used in the fabrication of NW arrays is the use of the pulsed ED deposition into highly ordered nanopores of mild and hard anodized AAO templates. In this regard, the PAED method has been proposed as a large-scale electrochemical preparation method, enabling the experimentalists to control F p and length uniformity of free-standing nonmagnetic and magnetic metal NWs [79,103,107]. In the following, the PAED strategies developed in the optimized filling of the branched or dendritic sections, and subsequent aligned nanopores of mild and hard anodized templates are presented.…”

Section: Paedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Template-based electrodeposited nonmagnetic and magnetic metal nanowire arrays as building blocks of future nanoscale applications

Kashi¹,

Montazer²

2022

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Realizing promising materials for use in next-generation devices at the nanoscale is of enormous importance from both fundamental and applied perspectives. Nonmagnetic and magnetic metal nanowire (NW) arrays fabricated by template-based electrodeposition (ED) techniques have long been considered as good candidates for this purpose. In this review, we focus on the fabrication techniques and characterizations of electrochemically deposited NWs with single, binary, ternary and multilayered component structures mostly carried out in our group. Particular attention is paid to the crystalline and magnetic characteristics (coercivity, squareness, magnetic phase, interactions and magnetization reversal modes) of NW arrays embedded in mild and hard anodized anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with different pore diameters. The pulsed alternating current ED technique is proposed as a versatile approach in high-efficiency filling of the AAO templates, while also allowing for tuning magnetic properties of the resultant NWs. The first-order reversal curve analysis is also highlighted as an advanced characterization tool for nanomagnet arrays. Finally, potential cutting-edge nanoscale applications (magnetic information storage, energy storage and conversion, electronics, biosensing, microwave absorption and giant magnetoresistance) of magnetic NWs are presented.

show abstract

Electrodeposition efficiency of Ni in the fabrication of highly ordered nanowire arrays: The roles of Cu pre-plating and barrier layer temperature

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Exploration for the Self-ordering of Porous Alumina Fabricated via Anodizing in Etidronic Acid

Exploration for the Self-ordering of Porous Alumina Fabricated via Anodizing in Etidronic Acid

Electrochemical pore filling strategy for controlled growth of magnetic and metallic nanowire arrays with large area uniformity

Template-based electrodeposited nonmagnetic and magnetic metal nanowire arrays as building blocks of future nanoscale applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About