Electrodeposition and Thermoelectric Characterization of Bismuth Telluride Nanowires

Mannam, Raja; Agarwal, Mangilal; Roy, Amitava; Singh, Varshni; Varahramyan, Kody; Davis, Daniel Cochece

doi:10.1149/1.3139011

Cited by 15 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…They are mostly P-structured, in which n-type and p-type thermoelectric materials of bar shape are connected in series with plate-shape electrodes bridging the p-n bars [1]. The state-of-the-art thermoelectric material of high performance at room temperature is bismuth telluride, Bi 2 Te 3 which can be both n-type and p-type degenerate semiconductors by choosing proper dopant [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these methods, electrodeposition has numbers of advantages: deposition selectivity, higher deposition rate, and low-temperature/low-pressure operation [7], etc., and because of these advantages, the electrodeposition of Bi 2 Te 3 is widely studied. The first report was made by Takahashi et al [8], followed by other workers on fabricating thin films [1,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], nanowires and nanotubes [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], and multilayers [29,30]. Also, electrodeposition of various kinds of thermoelectric materials, such as Sb 2 Te 3 [31], CoSb 3 [32,33] and PbTe [34], etc., have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of Π-structured Bi-Te thermoelectric micro-device by electrodeposition

Uda

Seki

Saito

et al. 2015

Electrochimica Acta

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Π-structured Bi-Te thermoelectric micro-device by electrodeposition

Uda

Seki

Saito

et al. 2015

Electrochimica Acta

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“…The micromanipulator 916776 electrical probe station with a tip contacting diameter of 10 m was used to make precise contacts on the samples for electrical measurements. 13 A Cu strip was used as a reference for voltage measurements, while an Omega K-type thermocouple was used to measure temperature. The measuring setup was verified by measuring Seebeck coefficients of pure Bi nanowires and comparing with the data available in literature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indicating the individual Bi 3+ and HTeO 2 + components, two limiting currents were observed at Ϫ100 and Ϫ125 mV; however, the negative shift in the reduction potentials in the combined electrolyte, compared to the individual components, contradicts the positive shift observed in the BiTe electrolytes. 13,16 This behavior can be attributed to the formation of antimony-tartaric acid complex cations, which tend to shift the reduction potentials to more negative values. 6 The concentration of antimony in the deposited alloy remained relatively constant for depositions in the R 2 region, obtaining stoichiometric Bi 1.7 Sb 0.58 Te 3 and Bi 2 Sb 0.6 Te 3 at Ϫ100 and Ϫ150 mV, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

High Seebeck Coefficient BiSbTe Nanowires

Mannam

Davis

2010

Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.

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Bismuth antimony telluride ͑BiSbTe͒ nanowires were electrodeposited at constant potentials into polycarbonate templates from a tartaric-nitric acid electrolyte. Optimum deposition potentials were obtained from polarization and compositional analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis showed a preferential ͑015͒ orientation for the nanowires. The Bi 2 Sb 0.6 Te 3 nanowire sample deposited at Ϫ150 mV showed a high Seebeck coefficient ͑S͒ of −630 V/K.Concerns over the depleting fossil fuels and increasing global warming threat stimulated the researchers to develop efficient thermoelectric materials, defined by the figure of merit as ZT = S 2 T/k, where S is the Seebeck coefficient, is electrical conductivity, T is the absolute temperature, and k is thermal conductivity. 1 The ZT of the current bulk materials is limited to 1; 2 however, a value higher than 3 is required to compete with conventional energy techniques. Increasing the thermoelectric power factor ͑S 2 ͒ and decreasing the thermal conductivity are the two main approaches to increase ZT. In superlattice Bi 2 Te 3 /Sb 2 Te 3 thin films, a high ZT of 2.4 was obtained mainly by the decreased lattice thermal conductivity. 3 Taking into account the improved density of states resulting in higher power factors and decreased phonon thermal conductivity due to surface scattering, Dresselhaus's group 2,4 predicted an even higher ZT for one-dimensional nanostructures. Also, experimental results showed 5 that BiTe nanowires have lower thermal conductivity than their bulk counterparts.Stacy's group 6 was the first to report electrodeposition of BiSbTe nanowires in porous alumina templates using a tartaric-nitric acid based electrolyte and proposed different mechanisms for the reduction of BiSbTe alloys following the overall reaction Del Frari et al. 7,8 studied the optimum conditions for electrodeposition of Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 alloys from a tartaric-perchloric acid bath and measured a thin-film power factor of 600 WK −2 m −1 . Xiao et al. 9 electrodeposited ͑Bi 0.3 Sb 0.7 ͒ 2 Te 3 and Bi 1.8 Sb 0.1 Te 3.1 nanowires in polycarbonate template and described their semiconducting nature from the temperature-dependent current-voltage plots. Although few articles are available on the electrodeposition of BiSbTe nanowires, 6-9 there is a need for their thermoelectric characterization. Our current research focuses on achieving higher Seebeck coefficients, by optimizing the alloy composition, using electrodeposited of BiSbTe nanostructures. To the best of our knowledge, the reported Seebeck coefficients here are the highest values among the electrodeposited BiTe alloy family ͑BiSbTe and BiSeTe͒ materials. 10-12 ExperimentalBiSbTe nanowires were electrodeposited into polycarbonate membranes using a Solartron 1287 function generator at constant potentials and room temperature from a tartaric-nitric acid based electrolyte. Being difficult to dissolve, Sb 2 O 3 was treated with tartaric acid as a complexing agent to increase its solubility in water, and the obtained solution was mixed with...

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“…A formação de, ou falta de, hidróxidos também é importante, principalmente para o Zn. Mesmos ligas sem metais da família do ferro apresentam a anomalia, como é o caso da liga BiTe[97] e NiW/NiW 2[98].O Ni, o Co e o Fe, por apresentarem λ H maiores que os outros metais atuam como catalisadores da HER em sua superfície. A adsorção de H + para a formação de H bloqueia os sítios ativos de redução sobre esses metais.…”

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Estudo do mecanismo da codeposição anômala na presença de aditivos

Graciano¹

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Magnetic alloys, mainly the ones made of Fe, Ni or Co, have great technological importance, being used in many parts of our daily life, such as in magnetic recording devices. The electrodeposition of those alloys, which enables a greater control over the process, presents a curious phenomenon: the film has a greater amount of the less noble metal than the bath, something not expected thermodynamically. This phenomenon is called anomalous codeposition and it has been widely studied and although many mechanisms are available none is unanimous amongst the scientific community. Additives have been used to various extents in this baths but outside of controlling the composition of the film little is known. This thesis presents studies attempting to comprehend the anomalous codeposition mechanism of CoNi alloy and to understand the influence of glycine, the additive chosen, on the phenomenon. Many analytical techniques, coupled with electrochemical ones, have been used, such as quartz crystal electrochemical microbalance, external reflection FTIR spectroscopy and stress measurements during the film growth. The presence of glycine in the bath alters the film composition by increasing the quantity of the least noble metal, cobalt. The analysis through gravimetry suggests that glycine keeps the pH values at the surface by acting as a buffer and at the same time it forms complexes with the metallic ions. The different values of complexation constants with different metals explains its role in the film composition. Glycine changes the nickel reduction mechanism to one similar to that of cobalt. Besides that, its presence indicates that oxidation phenomena are happening at the surface of nickel films. The additive shows no signs of adsorption on the electrode, but stress measurements indicates that perhaps an initial adsorption on gold may happen. There are evidences that hydrogen adsorption may be happening in the electrode's surface which, coupled with the high values of heat of adsorption, suggests that the anomalous codeposition phenomenon may be linked to the effect of this species on different metals.

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Electrodeposition and Thermoelectric Characterization of Bismuth Telluride Nanowires

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Fabrication of Π-structured Bi-Te thermoelectric micro-device by electrodeposition

Fabrication of Π-structured Bi-Te thermoelectric micro-device by electrodeposition

High Seebeck Coefficient BiSbTe Nanowires

Estudo do mecanismo da codeposição anômala na presença de aditivos

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