Electrodeposition and Characterization of Lanthanide Elements on Carbon Sheets

Abstract

Electrochemical coating and recovery by electrodeposition have been invaluably employed for facial thin film fabrication and the recycling of used materials. Herein, we have established a full data set of lanthanide (Ln: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb) elements electrodeposited on carbon sheets. Cyclic voltammetry was performed for 10 mM Ln(III) ions in a 0.1 M NaClO4 electrolyte over a carbon sheet between +0.5 V and −1.7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Amperometry was performed at a given potential to electrodeposit the Ln element on the carbon sheet. Their physicochemical properties were fully investigated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The newly established full data set for Ln(III) ions over carbon electrodes provides useful fundamental information for the development of coating and recovery methods of Ln elements.

Electrochemistry, Electrodeposition, and Photoluminescence of Eu (III)/Lanthanides (III) on Terpyridine-Functionalized Ti Nanospikes

“…Other CV profiles (Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb mixed Eu ions) showed the curvature between −1.4 V and −1.2 V. The peak position (±0.01 V) was determined by the intersection point of the two crossing lines as depicted in the corresponding CV profile in Figure 1. Joo et al also observed similar CV profiles for Ln (III) ions on carbon, Ni, and porous Si electrodes [21][22][23]. There was a weak inclination that the CV peak became slightly shifted to a positive direction, as shown in Figure 1n.…”

“…57) to Yb (No. 70) [21][22][23]. For Eu (III) ions, the CV peak position was observed to be around −0.9 V, about −0.3 V lower than other Ln (III) ions.…”

“…S1 and Figure S2, respectively. In a blank 0.1 M NaClO 4 electrolyte, the CV profile (dotted gray line) between +0.5 V and −1.8 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) showed no meaningful redox peaks, except a sharp current increase (starting from −0.8 V during the negative-going scan) due to the hydrogen evolution reaction [21][22][23]. Upon addition of Ln (III) ions, the CV profile became meaningfully changed and a new curvature appeared between −0.9 V and −1.5 V. In 5 mM Eu (III) + 5 mM La (III)/0.1 M NaClO 4 electrolyte (Figure 1a), a curvature (or a CV peak) appeared around −1.25 V (vs. Ag/AgCl).…”

“…The Ln elements have very unique and similar physicochemical properties because of electronic configurations in 4f-block in the periodic table. To achieve better roles of Ln elements, the studies on Ln elements include Ln coordination chemistry, electrochemical Ln redox reactions, luminescent materials, and selective recovery (for recycling of precious elements) by electrodeposition [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Bejan et al synthesized three-dimensional Ln-organic frameworks of [LnL (H 2 O) 2 ] n •DMF•yH 2 O with a surface area of about 400 m 2 /g by the solvothermal method and demonstrated as a catalyst in acylation reaction of 2-naphthol with acetic anhydride [11].…”

“…They also applied the spheres to in vitro cell imaging. Joo et al have demonstrated electrodeposition of Ln elements on diverse electrodes such as carbon, Ni, and porous Si, and showed that Ln elements were successfully recovered on the electrodes [21][22][23].…”