Electrodeposition: a versatile and inexpensive tool for the synthesis of nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires, and nanoclusters of metals

Mohanty, Udit Surya

doi:10.1007/s10800-010-0234-3

Cited by 210 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Since Pt nanostructures are commonly grown from solutions containing Pt 4? ions by spontaneous deposition, potentiostatic or pulsed electrodeposition and precipitation, there is a presumed reduction of Pt 4? ions to their metallic state in all of these synthesis routes as Pt atomic layers stack and grow [19]. In principle, SLRR growth is a window through which one can study the characteristics of the initial stages of deposition common to all of these techniques.…”

Section: Discussion 1: Film Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near Surface Phase Transition of Solute Derived Pt Monolayers

et al. 2013

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As the loadings of precious metals in surfacechemical systems continue to decrease for photo-and electro-catalysts for energy and environmental applications, the study of near-surface electronic and atomic structure in functional materials becomes critically important. Extremely small quantities of active elements, whether grown as clusters or ultrathin films, exhibit changes in catalytic activity that arise from both size effects and electron-transfer effects. These size and transfer effects can be related to increased propensity for oxidation of the metallic deposit, as well as to various changes in electrochemical performance such as durability or required overpotential for a given reaction. This work establishes a minimum threshold for Pt loading beyond which bulk-type electronic behavior may be expected. By iteratively growing atomic monolayers and multilayers using selflimited electrodeposition and studying these films using core-electron spectroscopy (X-ray absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), electrochemical methods and DFT-based computations the fundamental interactions that govern oxidation state and electron transfer near the surface of a Pt-Au bimetallic system have been explored. It has been shown that the Pt-Au system exhibits increased tendency for the Pt layer to remain cationic below a minimum threshold film thickness of two monolayers. At monodispersed levels of submonolayer coverage Pt exhibits deviated electronic structure, reactivity, and metal stability compared to films in excess of this minimum threshold thickness. At three monolayers Pt is thick enough to avoid the preference for cationicity and the resulting higher rates of metal dissolution, but thin enough to benefit from electron transfers from Au that assist in lowering the overpotentials for CO oxidation. This study shows the efficacy of a concerted method for the investigation of near-surface phenomena in multicomponent systems. By combining electrochemical and vacuum studies of solutederived samples with advanced computational techniques, a multifaceted understanding of these architectures has been achieved.

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Section: Discussion 1: Film Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near Surface Phase Transition of Solute Derived Pt Monolayers

et al. 2013

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“…Many authors have studied different kinds methods to synthesize copper nanowires, including synthesis using template materials [1][2][3][4][5][6], solvothermal or hydrothermal [7,8], and wet synthesis [9][10][11][12][13]. Although the template technique produces a quite clean and straight copper nanowires, but the process requires cleaning the sacrificed materials which considered as a delicate and time-consuming process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these are still used as powerful techniques to synthesize nanowire in the high crystalline ratio. The wet synthesis in producing copper nanowires had been explored by many authors using different capping agents and reductors [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Perhaps, the simplest and fastest in producing copper nanowire in wet synthesis is done using copper salt, N 2 H 4 (hydrazine) as a reductor, and an amine group as a capping agent such as done by Rathmell and his group [11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Hydrazine and Ethylenediamine in Wet Synthesis of Cu Nanowire

et al. 2017

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“…[5][6][7] In general, the chemical synthesis route is more developed than the electrochemical one, as it allows better control of the final type of NPs. 5,8,9 However, a number of studies have shown that it is also possible to control Au NPs morphology using electrochemistry, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] although a lot of them use a gold sacrificial anode like source of gold ions. [13][14][15] Electrochemical synthesis offers important advantages such as the production of NPs with high purity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroelectrochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles using cyclic voltammetry in the presence of a protective agent

et al. 2014

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Modification of electrodes with metal nanoparticles (NPs) is attracting intense interest because the widespread applications of these electrodes as sensors in electroanalysis. In the present study, we have analysed the electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on a platinum electrode in presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone using UV/Vis spectroelectrochemistry, which allows us to obtain in-situ evidences on the kind of nanoparticles deposited on the electrode. Under the selected experimental conditions, it has been possible to understand the reaction pathway for the synthesis of Au NPs in a voltammetry experiment. We establish that generation of NPs of a specific size is dramatically favoured during the different oxidation and reduction processes. Experiments with and without protective agent revealed that NPs generation is favoured since the first cycle when a protective agent is present in solution. IntroductionSynthesis of noble-metal nanoparticles (NPs) has received significant attention in recent years. [1][2][3][4] The ability to generate NPs with controlled size and shape is very important to advance in many areas of science and technology. In fact, scientists are beginning to understand the complex physics that leads to the generation of NPs with controlled size and shape. [5][6][7] In general, the chemical synthesis route is more developed than the electrochemical one, as it allows better control of the final type of NPs. 5,8,9 However, a number of studies have shown that it is also possible to control Au NPs morphology using electrochemistry, 10-16 although a lot of them use a gold sacrificial anode like source of gold ions.13-15 Electrochemical synthesis offers important advantages such as the production of NPs with high purity. 3 With chemical synthesis is possible to obtain well-defined NPs controlling the ratio between the reductive agent, gold precursor and protective agent. 5,8,9 On the other hand, electrochemical synthesis is very interesting to understand the mechanism of NPs generation because it is possible to control easily the potential at which the reaction takes place.In the case of the electrochemical synthesis, the reaction mechanism can be better understood when in-situ characterization techniques are coupled to electrochemistry to provide more information about the process that is taking place. [17][18][19][20][21] Here electrochemistry is combined with UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy to follow the formation of Au NPs. UV/Vis spectroelectrochemistry provides mechanistic information on Au NPs synthesis because the electrochemical process can be easily followed by observing gold characteristic plasmon band. 2,22 Recently, we have demonstrated that a multipulse technique yields monodisperse spherical Au NPs. 19This method was based on the application of several consecutive oxidation/reduction steps. In order to understand better the electrochemical process, here we have developed a new synthesis route based on cyclic voltammetry, where reduction and oxidation potentials are alternated d...

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Electrodeposition: a versatile and inexpensive tool for the synthesis of nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires, and nanoclusters of metals

Cited by 210 publications

References 87 publications

Near Surface Phase Transition of Solute Derived Pt Monolayers

Near Surface Phase Transition of Solute Derived Pt Monolayers

The Roles of Hydrazine and Ethylenediamine in Wet Synthesis of Cu Nanowire

Spectroelectrochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles using cyclic voltammetry in the presence of a protective agent

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