Electrodegradation of cyclophosphamide in artificial urine by combined methods

Tonhela, Marquele Amorim; Almeida, Maria Emília Veloso; Granato, Ana Cláudia; Motheo, Artur J.; Malpass, Geoffroy Roger Pointer

doi:10.1080/09593330.2021.2012270

Cited by 2 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…All assays were performed using a bench-scale electrochemical flowreactor in batch mode with recirculation with electrolyte flow provided by a peristaltic pump (Masterflex ® L/STM 77200-60) [15]. A mixed TiO 2 / RuO 2 DSA-type electrode was employed as the anode (De Nora) with an area exposed to the solution of 14 cm 2 .…”

Section: Electrochemical Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large number of different pollutants have been studied with the aim of examining electrochemically-based treatments. Such systems include dyes [9], pesticides [10], endocrine disruptors [11], pharmaceutical compounds such as antibiotics [12][13][14] and chemotherapeutic drugs [15]. In many cases, the nature of the matrix in which the pollutant is found is an important factor [1,2,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic removal efficiency can be improved using chloridecontaining wastewater, due to the electrogeneration of highly oxidizing active chlorine species (Equations 1-4), in a pHdependent process [15,21,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of HOCl and ClO − is highly dependent on the pH of the solution. At pH values below 5, the predominant species of free chlorine is HOCl, and at pH values above 10, the predominant species is ClO − [15,24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results can be useful for future developments in this area, including the optimization of processes and the identification of new applications for electrochemical technology. Antonelli et al [22] and Tonhela et al [15] carried used experimental design to optimize the electrochemical system in the degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants present in artificial urine. Pereira De Sousa and collaborators (2019) also used experimental design to improve the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) present in dairy effluents using photoelectrochemical methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Experimental design for combined abatement of organic compounds present in urine

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Organic compounds contained in urine, such as urea and creatinine, can compete with pharmaceuticals for the electro‐generated oxidants during electrochemical treatment. In addition, urine has a large amount of chloride ions, creating opportunities to produce chlorine and aqueous‐free chlorine species via electrolysis. The aim of the present study is to analyze artificial urine as a supporting electrolyte, while studying the removal of the organic components present (urea and creatinine) by employing an experimental design approach. A 2³ factorial design was employed to evaluate the efficiency of the photo‐assisted sonoelectrochemical (EC/UV/US) process. Operating conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (MRS), namely: 11.44 mL min−1 flow, 1.940 A at 160 min. The pH was analyzed and a predominance of HOCl (pH < 7.0) can be observed. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects and interactions of flow rate, time, and current to track the removal efficiency of organic compounds contained in artificial urine (TOC, creatinine, and urea). Over prolonged electrolysis, the EC/US/UV process achieved removal of TOC (25.7%), creatinine (68.2%), and urea (33.3%), due to the large contribution of highly reactive radical species (•OH, •Cl, ClO−).

show abstract

Section: Electrochemical Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%