Electrodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide from aqueous solution using three-dimensional electrode reactor with G/β-PbO₂anode: Taguchi optimization and degradation mechanism determination

Abstract

Optimization of process parameters using the Taguchi method, electrochemical degradation and electrochemical degradation mechanism of 2,4-D herbicide using 2D and 3D reactors with G/β-PbO2 anode were investigated.

Electrochemical systems equipped with 2D and 3D microwave-made anodes for the highly efficient degradation of antibiotics in urine

“…In order to overcome these drawbacks, some research proposes the use of three-dimensional (3D) electrodes. The direct oxidation of organic pollutants using 3D anodes is superior due to the larger contact surface and more active sites than 2D electrodes [23]. Evidently, to implement these 3D electrodes, a different mechanical design of the electrochemical cell is required, and recently, our group proposed a significantly efficient design in which the concepts of microfluidics and flow-through electrodes were properly merged [1][2][3][4]24] Given the above, this article studies the behavior of 2D, or 3D anodes (MMO-Ti/RuO2IrO2) synthesized employing a new heating technique using microwaves [17,25] in the electrolysis and photo-electrolysis of urine polluted with a mixture of antibiotics: Penicillin G (PENG), Meropenem (MEP) and Chloramphenicol (CLP).…”

Electrochemical Plasma for Treating 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in a Water Environment Using Iron Electrodes

“…The comparison of the decomposition ability of 2,4,5-T with some other results shows that the decomposition mechanism and the formation of intermediate compounds are carried out by OH • free radicals, and the degradation efficiency was almost the same according to the 2,4-D and phenol degradation efficiency. 25,34 Moreover, the high-voltage DC electrochemical engineering with plasma appearance on the iron electrode showed that the degradation ability of 2,4,5-T at the initial concentration of 30 mg L −1 achieved after 120 min was 71.17%, which was better than that of phenol at the initial concentration of 40 mg L −1 with 46% degradation in the same time of 120 min by pulsed high-voltage discharge technology. 18 In addition, the decomposition ability of 2,6-dichlorophenol at the initial concentration of 20 mg L −1 reached 95% by coaxial dielectric barrier discharge technology.…”

Three-Dimensional PbO2-Modified Carbon Felt Electrode for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Phenol Characterized with In Situ ATR-FTIR

“…Porous reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) with different porosities was also implemented as the support for PbO 2 , and it was found that the electrocatalytic behavior of RVC/PbO 2 for azo dye degradation was dramatically influenced by the porosity . Carbonaceous materials such as graphite (G) have been proposed and explored as an electrode matrix for the PbO 2 anode, and the PbO 2 film coated on the surface of the graphite shows remarkable stability. − Carbon felt (CF) is considered as another promising substrate for electrodes due to its low cost, large surface area, good electrical conductivity, high porosity and three-dimensional structure, which contribute to • OH radicals produced at countless active sites. Three-dimensional CF was reported mostly as a cathode skeleton for perchlorate degradation .…”