Electrode montages for tDCS and weak transcranial electrical stimulation: Role of “return” electrode’s position and size

Bikson, Marom; Datta, Abhishek; Rahman, Asif; Scaturro, Jen

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2010.05.020

Cited by 254 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Previous mood modulation investigation has restricted the flow of current to the prefrontal cortices. Increased distance between electrodes reduces the degree of shunting across the scalp, increasing the amount of current which enters the brain (Bikson et al 2010). In support of this, the computational model (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Although some success has been achieved with repetitive stimulation using the F3 anode/F4 cathode electrode placement (Austin et al 2016), it is worth considering that prefrontal orientated electrode positioning, whilst relatively focal, may not produce the optimal montage for mood modulation. Given that inter-electrode distance influences the degree of shunting and the amount of current which enters the brain (Bikson et al 2010), it may even be considered somewhat restrictive in terms of the modulation of brain regions associated with limbic and affective process. Thus, whilst a number of tDCS paradigms with clearly established safety protocols have been published (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute and repetitive fronto-cerebellar tDCS stimulation improves mood in non-depressed participants

et al. 2017

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second-daily (n = 21). In a second experiment, we separately investigated the influence of reversed polarity upon these same measures, in response to acute stimulation (n = 23) and repeated stimulation (n = 11). We observed a systematic elevation of mood in both active conditions following single and repeated tDCS, the latter of which displayed a progressive elevation of mood from baseline. No mood change was noted in response to either single or repeated stimulation in the sham condition. Frontocerebellar tDCS stimulation advantageously influences mood in healthy participants, with an accumulative and potentiated effect following successive stimulations. The possibility that frontocerebellar stimulation may provide a novel therapeutic adjunctive or pre-emptive intervention in stress-related disorders and mood-related psychopathologies should be considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and repetitive fronto-cerebellar tDCS stimulation improves mood in non-depressed participants

et al. 2017

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“…A DC‐Stimulator (Chattanooga Intelect Advanced Combo) was used to deliver a 1 mA continuous galvanic current to the brain via two surface electrodes with surrounding saline‐soaked sponges (0.9% NaCl). The active surface electrode (cathode, 3 × 4 cm) was placed over the affected temporal lobe, and the return electrode17 (anode, 5 × 7 cm) was placed over the contralateral supraorbital area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathodal transcranial direct‐current stimulation for treatment of drug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy: A pilot randomized controlled trial

et al. 2016

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SummaryObjectiveTo investigate the effect of cathodal transcranial direct‐current stimulation (c‐tDCS) on seizure frequency in patients with drug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).MethodTwenty‐nine patients with drug‐resistant TLE participated in this study. They were randomized to experimental or sham group. Twenty participants (experimental group) received within‐session repeated c‐tDCS intervention over the affected temporal lobe, and nine (sham group) received sham tDCS. Paired‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) in primary motor cortex ipsilateral to the affected temporal lobe. SICI was measured from motor evoked potentials recorded from the contralateral first dorsal interosseous muscle. Adverse effects were monitored during and after each intervention in both groups. A seizure diary was given to each participant to complete for 4 weeks following the tDCS intervention. The mean response ratio was calculated from their seizure rates before and after the tDCS intervention.ResultsThe experimental group showed a significant increase in SICI compared to the sham group (F = 10.3, p = 0.005). None of the participants reported side effects of moderate or severe degree. The mean response ratio in seizure frequency was −42.14% (standard deviation [SD] 35.93) for the experimental group and −16.98% (SD 52.41) for the sham group.SignificanceResults from this pilot study suggest that tDCS may be a safe and efficacious nonpharmacologic intervention for patients with drug‐resistant TLE. Further evaluation in larger double‐blind randomized controlled trials is warranted.

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“…• The position of the "return" ("reference") electrode may influence the overall current flow pattern through the brain, and thus even influence brain modulation under the active electrodes 22 . Thus the potion of both electrodes should be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

DaSilva

Volz

Bikson

et al. 2011

JoVE

246

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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique that has been intensively investigated in the past decade as this method offers a non-invasive and safe alternative to change cortical excitability 2 . The effects of one session of tDCS can last for several minutes, and its effects depend on polarity of stimulation, such as that cathodal stimulation induces a decrease in cortical excitability, and anodal stimulation induces an increase in cortical excitability that may last beyond the duration of stimulation 6 . These effects have been explored in cognitive neuroscience and also clinically in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders -especially when applied over several consecutive sessions 4 . One area that has been attracting attention of neuroscientists and clinicians is the use of tDCS for modulation of pain-related neural networks 3,5 . Modulation of two main cortical areas in pain research has been explored: primary motor cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex 7 . Due to the critical role of electrode montage, in this article, we show different alternatives for electrode placement for tDCS clinical trials on pain; discussing advantages and disadvantages of each method of stimulation.

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Electrode montages for tDCS and weak transcranial electrical stimulation: Role of “return” electrode’s position and size

Cited by 254 publications

References 25 publications

Acute and repetitive fronto-cerebellar tDCS stimulation improves mood in non-depressed participants

Acute and repetitive fronto-cerebellar tDCS stimulation improves mood in non-depressed participants

Cathodal transcranial direct‐current stimulation for treatment of drug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy: A pilot randomized controlled trial

Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

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