Electrode impedance measurement in through-the-earth communication applications

Bataller, V.; Muñoz, Antonio de Arriba; Gaudó, Pilar Molina; Mediano, Arturo; Cuchí, José Antonio; Villarroel, Y.J.L.

doi:10.1049/iet-map.2010.0312

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…By measuring the three magnetic field components near the conductor, it was found that there is a coupling effect in the signal, which is caused by the current inside the slender conductor. This discovery can be used to predict the feasibility of strong penetration information transmission links in different settings and optimize the positions of the transmitting and receiving ends [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Channel Characteristics and Electrode Electrical Performance of Earth Current Field Information Transmission Technology

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Starting from the need for emergency rescue information transmission in tunnel engineering accidents, this article focuses on researching and solving the technical problems of information transmission between rescue personnel and trapped personnel after tunnel engineering collapse accidents, before and during the rescue process. The research objects are the information transmission channel and grounding electrode in the earth current field information transmission technology, and the electromagnetic characteristics of the earth medium and the electrical performance of the grounding electrode are studied and analyzed using the electromagnetic simulation software Maxwell based on finite element algorithm, establish a three-dimensional model based on the transmission of current field information of the ground electrode, analyze the effects of the electrode array, electrode depth, and radius on impedance. Research has shown that the impedance of the earth is related to the resistivity of the medium and is not a human-controllable factor. To reduce the contact impedance of an electric dipole antenna, one should start with the contact impedance of the earth electrode. The impedance of the transmitting end is an important factor affecting the efficiency of information transmission; parallel connection of multiple grounding electrodes, increasing the depth of grounding electrode penetration into the soil layer, and increasing the radius between grounding electrode pairs are all effective methods to reduce the contact impedance of electric dipole antennas, thereby improving information transmission capacity. To achieve wireless information transmission through the stratum, by appropriately selecting the operating frequency of electromagnetic waves, a certain distance of signal transmission can be achieved.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Channel Characteristics and Electrode Electrical Performance of Earth Current Field Information Transmission Technology

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…In [10], several factors such as the number and length of ground rods are identified as parameters that can directly influence the ground impedance. Recently, Bataller et al investigated electrode contact impedance under the context of TTE communications [10]–[12]. An earth impedance model that can be applied for TTE communications systems was proposed in [11].…”

Section: Elf Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An earth impedance model that can be applied for TTE communications systems was proposed in [11]. In addition, a measurement method for characterizing the electrode impedance of a TTE communication system was presented in [12]. Electrode grounding impedance was also investigated in [13] to support cave radio research.…”

Section: Elf Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and Measurement of Through-the-Earth, Extremely Low-Frequency Signals Using Copper-Clad Steel Ground Rods

Damiano

Yan

Whisner

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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The underground mining environment can greatly affect radio signal propagation. Understanding how the earth affects signal propagation is a key to evaluating communications systems used during a mine emergency. One type of communication system is through-the-earth, which can utilize extremely low frequencies (ELF). This paper presents the simulation and measurement results of recent National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) research aimed at investigating current injection at ELF, and in particular, ground contact impedance. Measurements were taken at an outside surface testing location. The results obtained from modeling and measurement are characterized by electrode impedance, and the voltage received between two distant electrodes. This paper concludes with a discussion of design considerations found to affect low-frequency communication systems utilizing ground rods to inject a current into the earth.

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“…In such case, the performance of the receiving sensor determines the communications' distance of TTE system to a great extent. In fact, there are several kinds of receiving sensors for TTE system, for example electrodes [5], [6]. In the system, a pair of electrodes transmits signals from the surface and another pair of electrodes receives the signals underground.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Induction Magnetometer Receiving Sensor for Through-the-Earth Communications

et al. 2015

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A narrowband, high sensitivity, and low-power consumption induction magnetometer (IM) receiving sensor is designed, built, and tested for through-the-Earth (TTE) communications in this paper. The optimization method is described mathematically and applied for building an IM (central frequency 3180 Hz and 3-dB bandwidth 200 Hz). In this paper, we move the resonant frequency of the coils to the central frequency and optimize the parameters of the IM to minimize the equivalent input magnetic noise level to 7 fT/ √ Hz within 3-dB bandwidth.The IM dimensions are 40 mm × 350 mm and the power consumption is <4.2 mW. The feathers of the IM make it a portable receiving sensor for TTE communications.

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Electrode impedance measurement in through-the-earth communication applications

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Research on Channel Characteristics and Electrode Electrical Performance of Earth Current Field Information Transmission Technology

Research on Channel Characteristics and Electrode Electrical Performance of Earth Current Field Information Transmission Technology

Simulation and Measurement of Through-the-Earth, Extremely Low-Frequency Signals Using Copper-Clad Steel Ground Rods

Design of Induction Magnetometer Receiving Sensor for Through-the-Earth Communications

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