Electrode films of porous agarose impregnated with nafion structural heterogeneity and its effects on electron transport

Composite membranes for fuel‐cell applications

“…January 1992 Similar trends in transport within composite membranes containing a high PSA polymer content as the hydrophilic component have been reported by Moran and Majda (1986) and by Liu and Martin (1990). Very low PSA contents yield more of the PTFE character, resulting in reduced transport rates.…”

“…Subsequent investigations have shown that it is possible to deposit PSA films on a variety of substrates. [See, for example, Moran and Majda (1986).] Alcohol-PSA solutions are used typically for film deposition; the dissolution of PSA polymers in alcohol solutions at elevated temperatures and pressures has been studied by a number of researchers.…”

Application of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane as a molecular adhesive in the fabrication of vapor-deposited gold electrodes on glass substrates

“…In all these applications, ca. 5-nm transition-metal underlayers have to be vapor-deposited first to enhance the gold adhesion to the substrate (1)(2)(3)(4)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)20). Otherwise, directly deposited gold films do not withstand chemical treatment such as cleaning in strongly oxidizing solutions and are unstable during potential cycling in voltammetric experiments.…”

“…The advantage of our method over that presented by Wasserman et al (31) is that it requires MPS, a reagent that is commercially available and inexpensive. We characterize the electrodes with regard to (1) the Au adhesion, (2) the voltammetry of Au oxidation, and (3) the self-assembly of octadecyl mercaptan monolayers, and with regard to the extent to which they passive electrode surfaces.…”

Mediated, thin-layer cell, coulometric determination of monomolecular films of trichlorosilane viologen derivatives at gold and nonconducting surfaces

“…The main advantages of electrochemical techniques lie in their excellent sensitivity and their ability to provide direct quantitative and qualitative information concerning the electroactive components of the modifying layers created on a conducting surface of an electrode. In many cases, however, electrode modification involves films of nonconducting supports, e.g., polymers (30) and solid-state materials such as oxides (31), zeolites (32), and clays (33) into which electroactive reagents are introduced by means of chemical derivatization. In those cases not all of the introduced electroactive centers may be electrochemically addressable by the underlying electrode.…”