Conductive polymers are promising electrode candidates
in the nonenzymatic
catalytic detection of small molecule metabolites, due to the tunable
electronic conductivity and versatile modifiability. However, the
complex catalytic reaction pathway of conductive polymers results
in lower detection sensitivity and a narrower linear range compared
with clinical metal-based and carbon-based electrodes. Localized surface
plasmon resonance (LSPR), characterized by deep strong light-matter
coupling, has great potential in driving surface catalytic reactions
at an ultrafast rate. Here, we constructed a salix argyracea-like
polypyrrole nanowires/silver nanoparticles (PPy/AgNPs) heterojunction
electrode using polydopamine as a dopant and chelator. Through cyclic
voltammetry, the Mott–Schottky curve, and COMSOL simulation,
we demonstrated that the LSPR-excited photocarriers enhanced PPy/AgNPs
electrode electrocatalysis. Thus, the detection current response and
linear range were significantly improved under the LSPR excitation
when taking glucose and hydrogen peroxide as models of small molecule
metabolites. Furthermore, we discussed the LSPR-enhanced detection
mechanism of PPy/AgNPs electrode from the aspects of the Tafel slope,
the apparent electron diffusion coefficient, and the charge transfer
resistance. This strategy opens a new avenue toward the design of
LSPR-enhanced conductive polymer electrodes.