Electrocortical and behavioral responses produced by acute electrical stimulation of the human centromedian thalamic nucleus

Suppression and control of epileptiform activity by electrical stimulation: a review

“…Interestingly, seizure frequency remained improved after the end of the stimulation period for up to three months. In contrast, low-frequency stimulation (3 Hz) of the CM could induce an absence attack [112]. For hippocampal stimulation, stimulation parameters of 200-400 A, 130 Hz delivered 23 of every 24 h for 2-3 weeks improved symptoms in seven of ten patients tested.…”

“…High-frequency stimulation of the numerous deep brain structures [111], [112] has been reported to reduce seizure frequency. To our knowledge, no controlled data exists comparing the effectiveness of each stimulation protocol in humans or animal models for any type of seizure activity.…”

Long-Term Outcome of Anterior Thalamic Nucleus Stimulation for Intractable Epilepsy

“…There have been many direct brain stimulations on various brain subcortical targets for epilepsy after their first attempt. Typical subcortical targets for epilepsy are the cerebellum [3,4,5], anterior thalamic nucleus (ATN) [6,7,8,9], subthalamic nucleus [10,11], caudate nucleus [12], centromedian nucleus [13,14,15] and the mesial temporal structures [16,17,18]. …”

Neuromodulation Advances for Seizure Control

“…The same occurs in epilepsy; almost all studies use frequency in the range of 130 Hz. Velasco M et al (1997) demonstrated that low frequencies produced recruiting responses when stimulating the CM nuclei, and when bilateral stimulation at 3 Hz was performed in these nuclei, a typical absence seizure was reproduced. On the contrary, high frequency stimulation produced cortical inhibition of epileptic activity.…”