Electroconductivity profiles in dense high explosives

Electrical conductivity distributions in detonating low-density explosives – Grain size effect

“…The key idea was to use the electric field perpendicular to the conductivity gradient [6] to minimize parasite current spreading and distortions caused by space charge (which were first discussed in [5]). In later works the method was improved and applied to the detonation of high-density explosives [7][8][9] and to metastable intermolecular composites [10]. The measurement procedure is discussed in length in [8,9].…”

On the mechanism of carbon nanostructures formation at reaction of organic compounds at high pressure and temperature

“…24 Following the argument of chemoionization, conductivity should be the higher the faster the initial substance decomposes, that is the maximum of conductivity σ max should be close to the detonation front. According to our data for HEs with well defined conductivity peak, σ max is reached at about the half of duration of the zone of increased conductivity, 4,19,22,[25][26][27] i.e., far from the front which contradicts to the relation of the conductivity σ and the intensity of reactions. On the other hand, the number of elementary chemical reactions per unit time increases with the decrease of the duration of the reaction zone, and, according to Hariton's principle, the duration of the reaction zone is proportional to the critical diameter.…”

“…4,19,22,[25][26][27] The behavior of temperature is more complex. Figure 2 shows the temperature in the CJ point for different density of HE.…”

“…Presently, the most popular viewpoint is that in HEs with a slightly negative oxygen balance (PETN, RDX, HMX), the conductivity in the chemical peak could be related to the chemoionization analogous to the process of combustion 19 where free electrons with high mobility appear as a result of chemical reaction. In the work, 17 besides the chemoionization, the ionization of intermediate detonation products (DP), the dissociation of PD, and the thermal emission from carbon particles are listed as a source of charge carriers.…”

“…19,22,23 Chemoionization is thought to be the most probable cause of conductivity in the chemical peak region. The concentration of charge carriers n due to chemoionization is by definition connected with the number of reacted molecules.…”