Electrochromism of Electropolymerized Metallophthalocyanines

Abstract

In this paper, metallophthalocyanines (MPcs; M = 2H + (H 2 Pc); Ni 2+ (NiPc) and Cu 2+ (CuPc)) bearing electropolymerizable amino substituents were easily and controllably electropolymerized on the working electrodes as thin solid films and electrochromic properties of these films were studied in detail with the various electrochemical, in-situ spectroelectrochemical and in-situ electrocolorimetric analysis methods. Although H 2 Pc and CuPc showed reasonable electrochromic features, NiPc illustrated excellent electrochromic responses with the fast response times, high optic contrast and better optical and coulombic stabilities. Although, monomeric H 2 Pc, NiPc, and CuPc did not behave as electrochromic materials, surprisingly the electropolymerized films of these complexes illustrated electrochemically triggered color changes between cyan and yellow or red colors. H 2 Pc is the first example of the metal free phthalocyanine, whose electropolymerized film behaved as an anodic coloring material.

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of copper(II), manganese(III) phthalocyanines bearing chalcone groups at peripheral or nonperipheral positions

“…Since pthalocyanines (Pcs) have chemical, thermal stability and  electron system, they have been very important derivatives for researchers [1]. In addition to its usage as paint, phthalocyanines are preferred as functional materials for different technological areas such as electrochemical sensors [2,3], solar cell [4,5], gas sensors [6,7], non-linear optics [8], semiconductors [9,10], liquid crystals [11,12], photovoltaics [13], catalysts [14], electrochromic [15,16], photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT) [17][18][19].…”

Synthesis and electrochemistry of phthalocyanines bearing [(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)oxy] groups

“…Therefore, this class of compounds exhibits technological applications in different areas such as chemical sensors, 1−3 solar cells, 4−6 gas sensors, 7−9 liquid crystals, 10,11 optical data storage, 12,13 photodynamic therapy, 14−18 nonlinear optics, 19 and electrochemical applications such as electroctalytic, 20,21 electrosensing, 22,23 and electrochromic materials. 24 Although phthalocyanines display wide technological applications, because of the low solubility of phthalocyanines, their application is limited. To enhance the solubility, alkyl, alkoxy, phenoxy, methoxy, and macrocyclic groups can be attached to the peripheral positions of phthalocyanines.…”

Co(II) and Fe(II) phthalocyanines: synthesis, investigation of their catalytic activity towards phenolic compounds and electrochemical behaviour

“…Phthalocyanines, the first synthesis of which took place in 1907, are synthetic macrocyclic compounds with 18π electron systems that are formed of four iminoisoindoline units with a central cavity which can receive a variety of metal ions. In recent years, investigation of various characteristics like conductivity, catalytic activity and electrochromic properties has opened new application areas to phthalocyanines . Addition of various substituents at different positions on the phthalocyanine nucleus will enable the production of new materials with the required characteristics for various applications.…”