Electrochromic tungsten oxide: doping with two or three other metal oxides

Abstract

Tungsten-containing thin films have been electrodeposited from aqueous solution. The composition of films were tailored in two ways: first by doping the W03 with up to three other metal oxides to alter the structure, spectra and diffusion characteristics through the film; second, by adjusting the voltage used for deposition, the mole fractions, x, of dopant metals were altered further.

Microstructural and Electrical Properties of (WO3)1-x(MoO3)x Thin Films Synthesized by Spray Pyrolysis Technique

“…T c = -1.07 X + 121 ± 0.62 (12) These results can be interpreted as follows, since the Mo atom is an inserted within the host unit cell of WO 3 instead of the W atom because the size of Mo atom is equal to the size of W atom. So the dimensions of the unit cell are remaining constant in the three directions for the same extension.…”

“…Composite trioxides of (WO 3 ) 1-x (MoO 3 ) x films have been prepared by different techniques; such as the vacuum evaporation [7,8] , electro-deposition [9,10] , sputtering [11] , electron-beam deposition [12] and sol-gel deposition [13,14] . The spray pyrolysis process offers several advantages over conventional deposition techniques for the control of stoichiometry and film structure.…”

“…In addition, they were used in the electrochromic process as a cathode material due to the following reasons, they are (i) high specific energy density [5] , (ii) undergo reversible potactic reaction with ions [6] and (iii) they have a higher electrochemical activity with the highest stability. In order to improve the quality of sensitivity of gas detection, the variation of gas-sensing and electrochromic devices, the binary combinations of oxides will modify and improve the characteristic of different oxides.Composite trioxides of (WO 3 ) 1-x (MoO 3 ) x films have been prepared by different techniques; such as the vacuum evaporation [7,8] , electro-deposition [9,10] , sputtering [11] , electron-beam deposition [12] and sol-gel deposition [13,14] . The spray pyrolysis process offers several advantages over conventional deposition techniques for the control of stoichiometry and film structure.This work is aimed to present mixed metal oxide sprayed synthesis of new molybdenum trioxide doped tungsten trioxide film, WO 3 -MoO 3 and study the microstructral and electrical characteristics.…”

Characterisation and humidity-sensing properties of aluminium (oxy)-hydroxide films prepared by cathodically induced precipitation

“…Previous applications of cathodic precipitation include the preparation of precursors to pre-shaped ceramic bodies [2], superconducting oxides [3][4][5][6], and electrochromic films [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Metal and mixed-metal (oxy)-hydroxide ceramic precursor materials prepared by cathodically-induced precipitation using a hydrogen-sorbing palladium electrode

“…All these reduction reactions cause a pH increase at the electrode/electrolyte interface, and, depending on the metal deposition potential, may compete with the metal ion reduction reaction. Applications of films prepared by cathodically-induced precipitation include the preparation of precursors to pre-shaped ceramic bodies [2], superconducting oxides [3][4][5][6], and electrochromic films [7][8][9][10][11].…”