Electrochromic Fiber‐Shaped Supercapacitors

Chen, Xuli; Lin, Huijuan; Deng, Jue; Zhang, Ye; Sun, Xuemei; Chen, Peining; Fang, Xin; Zhang, Zhitao; Guan, Guozhen; Peng, Huisheng

doi:10.1002/adma.201403243

Cited by 318 publications

(261 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…[ 420,473 ] Chen et al designed smart and stretchable supercapacitors by coating thin transparent fi lms of CNTs followed by electrochromic polyaniline. [ 230 ] A hybrid polymer (polyaniline) -transition metal oxide (W 18 O 49 ) has been also proposed recently with smart energy level indicating functionality (i.e., electrochromic response).…”

Section: Wileyonlinelibrarycommentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Vlad

Singh

Galande

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

288

204

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all need to be used in conjugation with an energy storage system to provide smooth power leveling. Currently, electrochemical energy storage systems are by far the most optimal solutions for powering a broad range of technologies, expanding from compact and light-weighted portable electronic devices to stationary gridscale energy storage applications. [3][4][5][6] These energy storage devices (batteries and supercapacitors) store the available electrical energy in the form of chemical energy and release it whenever needed, by simply reversing the electrochemical reaction. [7][8][9][10][11] Among various available battery chemistries, lithium batteries and supercapacitors are the most promising technologies. [ 7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Ever since the realization of the fi rst electrochemical energy storage cell by Alessandro Volta (end of 17th century), the working principle and its function has changed very little. [ 21,22 ] Basically, two redox couples (or charge storage electrodes), electrically and physically separated, are bridged by an ion conducting medium to constitute an electrochemical cell. This holds true also for modern Li-ion batteries, although the chemistry involved is much more complex. During operation, the electrons are transferred through an external circuit while ions shuttle through the electrolyte to counterbalance the depleted charge at the electrodes. [ 23 ] So far, much of the effort has been directed towards improvement of the energy and power characteristics by downsizing the active components, re-engineering the current collectors and separators, as well as fi ne-tuning the Batteries have become fundamental building blocks for the mobility of modern society. Continuous development of novel battery chemistries and electrode materials has nourished progress in building better batteries. Simultaneously, novel device form factors and designs with multi-functional components have been proposed, requiring batteries to not only integrate seamlessly to these devices, but to also be a multi-functional component for a multitude of applications. Thus, in the past decade, along with developments in the component materials, the focus has been shifting more and more towards novel fabrication processes, unconventional confi gurations, and additional functionalities. This work attempts to critically review the developments with respect to emerging electrochemical energy storage confi gurations, including, amongst others, paintable, transparent, fl exible, wire or cable shaped, ultra-thin and ultra-thick confi gurations, as well as hybrid energy storage-conversion, or graphene-incorporated batteries and supercapacitors. The performance requirements are elaborated together with the advantages, but also the limitations, with respect to established electrochemical energy storage technologies. Finally, challenges in developing novel materials with tailored properties that would allow such confi gurations, and in designing easier manufacturing techniques that can be widely adopted ar...

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Section: Wileyonlinelibrarycommentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Vlad

Singh

Galande

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

288

204

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[1][2][3] In fact, although supercapacitors have been extensively studied for several decades with carbon materials as electrodes, [ 4 ] till the experimental realization of the fi rst reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-based supercapacitor, [ 5 ] has it become the increasing interest of numerous research groups in both academic and industry around the world for the practical application in energy storage. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] rGO, with the advantages of good electrical conductivity, low mass density, very high specifi c surface area, and being easy to however, it still remains a great challenge to fi nd a feasible way to industrialize rGO-based fl exible devices while maintaining high performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Supercapacitor with Adjustable Volumetric Capacitance Based on 3D Interdigital Electrodes

Chen

Wang

et al. 2015

Adv Funct Materials

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4601wileyonlinelibrary.com fabricate, [ 14 ] has shown good performance as electrodes in energy harvesting/storage devices, such as solar cells, [15][16][17] secondary batteries, [ 18 ] and especially supercapacitors. [ 8,[10][11][12] Combined with the solution preparation and the fl exibility, rGO has already been expected as a competitive alternative for the next-generation fl exible supercapacitors.Despite being one kind of the ideal electrode materials, the present rGO-based materials are restricted by unsatisfactory volumetric capacitance in fl exible devices. On the one hand, the specifi c capacitance of rGO is not high (generally 50-200 F g −1 ), which depends on the electrical double layer at the interface between electrode and electrolyte. [ 19 ] On the other hand, the large inert space in practical devices (large volume ratio of encapsulation layers in the device) also accounts for the low volumetric energy density. [ 9 ] These two points have plagued the integration of rGO-based fl exible supercapacitors into roll-up displays, wearable device or other fl exible microdevices. Therefore, researchers are striving to fi nd new feasible method for preparing rGO-based electrodes with satisfactory electrochemical performance, including high volumetric capacitance and long cycle life. Previously, we fabricated fl exible microsupercapacitor with well-ordered conducting polymer nanostructures on rGO interdigital electrodes to enhance the specifi c capacitance through synergistic effect. [ 20 ] This high-performance microsupercapacitor provides a promising power source whose reliability and performance might meet the energy demands of the next-generation miniaturized electronic devices, especially fl exible devices. More recently, some feasible methods have also been studied by other research groups. For example, 3D interpenetrating graphene electrodes have been fabricated by electrochemical reduction of GO for ultrahigh rate supercapacitors; [ 21 ] Gao co-workers proposed a coaxial wet-spinning assembly approach to continuously spin polyelectrolyte-wrapped graphene/CNT core-sheath yarns and the yarn-based supercapacitors showed a capacitance of 177 mF cm −2 in solid electrolyte (SE); [ 22 ] carbon microfi bers made of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and nitrogen-doped rGO sheets are produced and show a specifi c volumetric capacity of 300 F cm −3 in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/ H 3 PO 4 electrolyte; [ 23 ] to further improve the capacitance, metal oxides, and conducting polymer are introduced to composite with carbon materials. [ 24,25 ] These modifi cations show valuable characteristics in enhancing the performance, especially the specifi c capacitance; Stretchable Supercapacitor with Adjustable Volumetric Capacitance Based on 3D Interdigital ElectrodesFengwang Li , Jitao Chen , * Xusheng Wang , Mianqi Xue , * and G. F. Chen Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-based materials have shown good performance as electrodes in fl exible energy storage devices owing to their physical properties, high specifi c ...

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“…[62] In this case, volume swelling/shrinking during the repeated charging/ discharging process is better accommodated, thereby increasing the cyclic stability of supercapacitors. [63][64][65][66] Yu and co-workers successfully synthesized 3D nanostructured PPy hydrogel through an organic/aqueous biphasic interfacial polymerization method.…”

Section: Nanostructuringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting‐Polymer‐Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

Wang

Kong

et al. 2017

Advanced Materials

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and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). The highly conjugated polymer chains can be reversibly assigned electrochemical properties by a doping/dedoping process. [9][10][11] By regulating and controlling the level of doping, their conductivities can be tuned in a wide range, from 10 −10 to 10 4 S cm, spanning the entire range from insulators to semiconductors, to conductors. [12,13] Additionally, these conducting polymers retain the advantages of traditional polymers, such as low cost, convenient preparation, good affinity to many other materials, and high flexibility and durability. Recently, great efforts have been made to exploit the applications of conducting polymers as electrocatalysts for fuel cells and as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Considering the rapidly booming efforts undertaken in this cutting-edge research area, it is necessary to highlight the new discoveries and achievements in the past several years. Here, we introduce the latest advances in conducting-polymer-based materials for fuel cells and supercapacitors, and focus on the strategies employed to improve their electrocatalytic and electrochemical performance. Conducting-Polymer-Based Catalysts for Fuel CellsFuel cells are promising green energy-conversion devices that convert chemical energy of various fuels directly into electric energy under electrochemical redox reactions. This technology provides intriguing applications in portable energy sources [14,15] and has attracted increasing attention in recent years. [16][17][18][19] Such energy-conversion systems require highly efficient electrocatalysts to trigger the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that occurs at the fuel cell's cathode. Platinum/ carbon (Pt/C) composite is demonstrated to be the most efficient catalyst used for fuel cells. [20][21][22] However, high price, scarcity, poor utilization efficiency, and easy carbon monoxide poisoning greatly limit its commercial applications. [23] Therefore, development of low-cost, stable, and efficient electrocatalysts for ORR is a major challenge in the field of fuel cells. [24][25][26][27][28] Owing to their highly tunable conductivity, good electrocatalytic activity, and satisfactory electrochemical stability, conducting polymers are considered to be promising electrocatalyst materials for the ORR. [29] Initially, conducting-polymer-based electrodes were fabricated through direct casting of neutral To alleviate the current energy crisis and environmental pollution, sustainable and ecofriendly energy conversion and storage systems are urgently needed. Due to their high conductivity, promising catalytic activity, and excellent electrochemical properties, conducting polymers have been attracting intense attention for use in electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Here, the latest advances regarding the utilization of conducting polymers for fuel cells and supercapacitors are introduced. The strategies employed to improve the electrocatalytic and electrochemical performances of conducting-polymerbased materials are prese...

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Electrochromic Fiber‐Shaped Supercapacitors

Cited by 318 publications

References 37 publications

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Stretchable Supercapacitor with Adjustable Volumetric Capacitance Based on 3D Interdigital Electrodes

Conducting‐Polymer‐Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

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