Electrochromic devices based on ultraviolet-cured poly(methyl methacrylate) gel electrolytes and their utilisation in smart window applications

Lee, Hyun Joo; Lee, Chanyong; Song, Juhee; Yun, Yong Ju; Jun, Yongseok; Ah, Chil Seong

doi:10.1039/d0tc00420k

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The PMMA-based ECD cured at 10 min demonstrated exceptional device performance, with a large optical modulation of 51.3% recorded at 550 nm wavelength. In terms of switching characteristics, the time taken to colour the device was 1.5 s, while the decolouration process took 2.0 s. Additionally, the ECDs in this study showed outstanding stability of 98.9% after 11,500 cycles [33].…”

Section: Key Materials In Electrochromic Devices: Pmma-based Spe Ecdmentioning

confidence: 68%

Towards an All-Solid-State Electrochromic Device: A Review of Solid-State Electrolytes and the Way Forward

Chan

2022

Polymers

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In order to curb high electricity usage, especially in commercial buildings, smart windows, also known as “switchable” or “smart” glasses, have attracted a significant amount of attention in an effort to achieve energy savings in eco-friendly buildings and transportation systems. Smart windows save energy by regulating the input of solar heat and light and hence cutting down air-conditioning expenses, while maintaining indoor comfort. This is achieved by electrochromism, which is defined as the reversible colour change in electrochromic (EC) materials from transparent to dark blue and vice versa under a small applied voltage. Recent state-of-the-art electrochromic devices (ECD) adopt liquid-based electrolytes as the main source of energy for basic operations. While this has resulted in much success in ECDs as reported in past studies, there remain several drawbacks to this aspect, such as liquid electrolyte leakage and evaporation, not to mention safety concerns related to the harmful nature of electrolyte materials. This paper aims to review the recent advances in various solid electrolytes that are potential solutions to the mentioned problems.

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Section: Key Materials In Electrochromic Devices: Pmma-based Spe Ecdmentioning

confidence: 68%

Towards an All-Solid-State Electrochromic Device: A Review of Solid-State Electrolytes and the Way Forward

Chan

2022

Polymers

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“…The emerging semicircle of charge transfer resistance (R ct ) in congruence with the constant phase element (CPE; n of CPE is near unity) at the moderate to higher frequency range indicated that R ct is the prevailing resistance at the ITO/GPE interface. 44 CPE represents the capacitive element at the GPE/ electrode interface that arises from inhomogeneities and dynamic disorder associated with diffusion. 45 The straightline part, or the Warburg diffusion element (Z W ), refers to diffusional mass transportation within the electrolyte.…”

Section: Electrolyte Uptake Ability Of Electrospunmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Features of SiO₂ Nanofillers Address Poor Stability Issue in Gel Polymer Electrolyte-Based Electrochromic Devices

Silori

Thoka

2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Nanofillers’ applicability in gel polymer electrolyte (GPE)-based devices skyrocketed in the last decade as soon as their remarkable benefits were realized. However, their applicability in GPE-based electrochromic devices (ECDs) has hardly seen any development due to challenges such as optical inhomogeneity brought by incompetent nanofiller sizes, transmittance drop due to higher filler loading (usually required), and poor methodologies of electrolyte fabrication. To address such issues, herein, we demonstrate a reinforced polymer electrolyte tailored through poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP),1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4), and four types of mesoporous SiO2 nanofillers, porous (distinct morphologies) and nonporous, two each. The synthesized electrochromic species 1,1′-bis(4-fluorobenzyl)-4,4′-bipyridine-1,1′-diium tetrafluoroborate (BzV, 0.05 M), counter redox species ferrocene (Fc, 0.05 M), and supporting electrolyte (TBABF4, 0.5 M) were first dissolved in propylene carbonate (PC) and then immobilized in an electrospun PVDF-HFP/BMIMBF4/SiO2 host. We distinctly observed that spherical (SPHS) and hexagonal pore (MCMS) morphologies of fillers endowed higher transmittance change (ΔT) and coloration efficiency (CE) in utilized ECDs; particularly for the MCMS-incorporated ECD (GPE-MCMS/BzV-Fc ECD), ΔT reached ∼62.5% and CE soared to 276.3 cm2/C at 603 nm. The remarkable benefit of filler’s hexagonal morphology was also seen in the GPE-MCMS/BzV-Fc ECD, which not only marked an astounding ionic conductivity (σ) of ∼13.5 × 10–3 S cm–1 at 25 °C, thus imitating the solution-type ECD’s behavior, but also retained ∼77% of initial ΔT after 5000 switching cycles. The enhancement in ECD’s performance resulted from merits brought by filler geometries such as the proliferation of Lewis acid–base interaction sites due to the high surface-to-volume ratio, the creation of percolating tunnels, and the emergence of capillary forces triggering facile ion transportation in the electrolyte matrix.

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“… 5 Lately, researchers have attempted solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) as an alternative to conventional liquid polymer electrolytes (LPE) as a mean to address issues such as electrolyte leakage and stability. 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realisation of Solid-State Electrochromic Devices Based on Gel Electrolyte

Chan

Sahdan

et al. 2022

F1000Res

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Background: In the last decade, there has been much interest in the area of solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) to address the issues of electrolyte leakage and evaporation in electrochromic devices (ECD). ECD is a state-of-the-art technology having the ability to change from transparent state to opaque state under the influence of a small applied voltage for energy saving applications. Methods: In this work, tungsten oxide (WO3) films were fabricated via the sol-gel spin-coating method. Subsequently, ECDs were assembled based on SPE and liquid polymer electrolyte (LPE), respectively using indium doped tin oxide (ITO) coated glass as conducting electrodes and WO3 films as working electrode. Results: Cyclic voltammetry (CV) results revealed reduced ionic conductivity of conducting ions in SPE based ECD (SECD) owing to increased viscosity by addition of PMMA. However, lesser time was required for the colouration process. LPE based ECD (LECD) showed higher colouration efficiency (CE) compared to its SECD counterpart. This is attributed to its larger optical modulation. Conclusions: This work presents a comparison between the performance of LECD and SECD in terms of electrochromic (EC) and optical properties. They were analysed through CV, chronoamperometry (CA) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. Furthermore, this work provides an insight on the employment of solid-state electrolytes in ECDs in view of the persistent leakage and evaporation problems in ECD implementation.

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Electrochromic devices based on ultraviolet-cured poly(methyl methacrylate) gel electrolytes and their utilisation in smart window applications

Abstract:
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) have been widely investigated for application in next-generation displays and smart windows owing to their highly efficient optical transmittance modulation properties.

Cited by 29 publications

References 39 publications

Towards an All-Solid-State Electrochromic Device: A Review of Solid-State Electrolytes and the Way Forward

Towards an All-Solid-State Electrochromic Device: A Review of Solid-State Electrolytes and the Way Forward

Morphological Features of SiO₂ Nanofillers Address Poor Stability Issue in Gel Polymer Electrolyte-Based Electrochromic Devices

Realisation of Solid-State Electrochromic Devices Based on Gel Electrolyte

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Electrochromic devices based on ultraviolet-cured poly(methyl methacrylate) gel electrolytes and their utilisation in smart window applications

Abstract: Electrochromic devices (ECDs) have been widely investigated for application in next-generation displays and smart windows owing to their highly efficient optical transmittance modulation properties.

Cited by 29 publications

References 39 publications

Towards an All-Solid-State Electrochromic Device: A Review of Solid-State Electrolytes and the Way Forward

Towards an All-Solid-State Electrochromic Device: A Review of Solid-State Electrolytes and the Way Forward

Morphological Features of SiO2 Nanofillers Address Poor Stability Issue in Gel Polymer Electrolyte-Based Electrochromic Devices

Realisation of Solid-State Electrochromic Devices Based on Gel Electrolyte

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Product

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Abstract:
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) have been widely investigated for application in next-generation displays and smart windows owing to their highly efficient optical transmittance modulation properties.

Morphological Features of SiO₂ Nanofillers Address Poor Stability Issue in Gel Polymer Electrolyte-Based Electrochromic Devices